change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; enhancement; solidification
action of making something; -ification
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
make-up; makeup; cosmetics
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
digestion (of food); digestion (of information); assimilation; consumption; absorption; (arch.) losing one's form and turning into something else
purification; cleanup (e.g. of politics); purge
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
to take the form of (esp. in ref. to a spirit, fox, raccoon dog, etc.); to assume the shape of; to disguise oneself as; to change radically; to metamorphose; to improve unexpectedly and dramatically (esp. of an actor, artist, rikishi, etc.)
specialization; specialisation
to poke fun at; to make fun of; to send up
ghost; apparition; goblin; monster; something unusually large
disabling; invalidation; nullification; vitiation
incarnation; impersonation; personification; avatar
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
goblin; apparition; monster; ghost; phantom; spectre
to change into; to convert to; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)
stimulation (e.g. of an economy); revitalization (e.g. of a town); rejuvenation; activation
deterioration; degradation; drop in quality; becoming unattractive (because of aging)
antics; buffoonery; clowning; clown; jester
embodiment; realization; materialization
petrifaction; petrification; mineralization; mineralisation; lithification; fossilization
cosmetics; toilet articles
substantiation; materialization; materialisation; (specific to object language classes) instantiation
transforming oneself; taking on another form; disguising oneself; artificial fly (for fishing)
fossil; petrifaction; petrification; fossilization
weathering; fading (of memories); efflorescence
beautification; glorification
influence (on someone); inspiration
hanky-panky; juggling; cheating; deception; smoke and mirrors
hardening; vulcanization; hardening (of attitude, stance, etc.); stiffening; upturn (in the market); firming up
change of heart; change of mind; change in mental state
incarnation (of Buddha or bodhisattva); avatar; embodiment (as in "embodiment of evil"); incarnation; personification
intensification; aggravation
making practical; making useful; implementing
aging; wearing out; deterioration
ageing; aging; senile deterioration
change; transformation; inversion
carbonization; carbonisation
calming down; quieting down
optimization; optimisation
softening; softening (of attitude); mollification; weakening (of the market); blanching (e.g. of vegetables; by depriving of light)
degeneration; retrogression
to bewitch; to confuse; to enchant; to delude
verbalizing; putting into words
making efficient; optimization
increase in activity; activation
visualization (data, results, etc.); visualisation; making something visible (that was previously unseen)
to make progress; to develop; to evolve (method, style, etc.)
turning a comic, novel, etc. into an animated movie or TV series; making an animated version
mechanization; mechanisation; computerization
regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt
personification; anthropomorphization
breaking ball (pitch); curve ball; screwball
chemical reaction; generation of an unexpected result from combining things
miniaturization; miniaturisation; downsizing
encryption; encipherment; password protection
quantification; expressing in numerical form; conversion to numerical form
specialized; specialised; boutique
emergence (of insects); eclosion; growing wings
vaporization; vaporisation; evaporation
coming to a head; coming to the surface; becoming an issue; breaking
to become a wandering ghost; to appear as a spirit
food culture; dietary culture; cuisine
initialization; initialisation; formatting; resetting
modernization; modernisation
electrical appliances; electric appliances
suppuration; festering; coming to head
making (book, etc.) into film; making a screen version; adapting for the screen
commercialization (e.g. product); commodification
specialization; specialisation; differentiation
appropriation; misappropriation; making one's own
innumerable changes; infinite variety
embodiment; materialization; actualization; realization; taking form; taking shape
monster cat; cat with magical powers
generalization; generalisation; popularization; to generalize; to generalise; to popularize
indigestion; dyspepsia; incomprehensibility; inability to understand
person of culture; cultured person
becoming a mere shell; becoming a dead letter; losing (one's) substance; being reduced to a formality
chemical substances; chemicals
cultural assets; cultural property
toilet; lavatory; powder room
declining birth rates; decrease in the number of children
thick makeup; heavy makeup
subdivision; segmentation; fractionalization; fragmentation
organization; organisation; systematization; systematisation
normalization; normalisation
being actualized; becoming apparent; becoming tangible; surfacing
degradation over time; time-related deterioration
shapeshifting (of an animal or spirit); goblin; incarnation; transformation
becoming more serious or severe; aggravation; intensification
digitization; digitalization
toughened glass; tempered glass
rationalization; rationalisation; rationalize; rationalise
stabilization; stabilisation
different culture; foreign culture
calming down; quieting down
toilet articles; makeup kit
democratization; democratisation
purification; refining; simplification
to jest; to clown (around)
becoming dull; slowing down
novelizing; novelising; adapting a movie, game, etc. into a book
stipulation; stating clearly; documenting in writing; stating explicitly
systematization; systematisation; organization; organisation
education; enlightenment; civilization; civilisation; indoctrination
increase in speed, acceleration
evolutionary theory; theory of evolution
naturalization; naturalisation
greening (i.e. planting to increase greenery); tree planting; afforestation
bogging down; dragging on; turning into a quagmire; becoming mired in a mess
population ageing (aging)
visualization; visualisation
corruption (of text, e.g. in email, due to improper encoding); garbling; illegal character; corrupted text; garbled text
deification; apotheosis; wondrous change; great moral influence
unification; centralization; integration; drawing things together; working out a common policy; consolidation
important cultural property; important cultural asset
civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
adjusting one's makeup; renovation; remodeling; redecoration
electronization; digitization; computerization
fortifying; fortification
going feral (of a species); reverting to wild; escape
(animal making a) monstrous apparition
depopulation; declining population
coating of snow; blanket of snow
vanity case; cosmetics case
throwaway match (i.e. one played after a tournament has already been decided); dead rubber
aggravation (of an illness); exacerbation; worsening
clarification; definition
carbon monoxide poisoning
idealization; idealisation
male-to-female gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
turning (a comic, novel, etc.) into a serialized TV-show; dramatization
liberalization; liberalisation; freeing
creation; nature; the Universe
normalization (of a social problem, of a situation, etc.)
civilization; civilisation; enlightenment
making obligatory; making compulsory
changing into cash; encashment; cashing
decreasing birthrate and aging population; aging population combined with the diminishing number of children; declining birthrate and a growing proportion of elderly people; dwindling birthrate and an aging population; low birthrate and longevity
restoration; return to health
haunted mansion; haunted house; enchanted house
live-action adaptation (of a cartoon or animated movie)
stormy weather (at sea); poor catch of fish (due to stormy seas); poor turn-out; recession
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting something into production
maximization; maximisation
radicalization; radicalisation; intensification; aggravation; sharpening (e.g. of an image); narrowing (of a peak)
homogenization; homogenisation
destabilization; destabilisation
globalization; globalisation
cultural exchange; cross-cultural communication; contacts between different cultures
denuclearization; denuclearisation
legalization; legalisation
colonization; colonisation
averaging; levelling (off); equalization; standardization; balance
popularization; popularisation
getting stuck in a rut; becoming stereotyped
synthetic fiber; synthetic fibre; chemical fiber; chemical fibre
undifferentiated; unspecialized
strengthening of relations
to turn into a state of feverish mood
feminization; feminisation
undigested (food); unfulfilled (orders); unused (funds)
computerization; computerisation
internationalization; internationalisation; i18n (in IT)
reduction (in size); shrinking; minimization; trivializing (an issue); making light of; playing down
urbanization; urbanisation
systematisation; systematization
chemical experiment; chemistry experiment
moving into the black; becoming profitable
(Japanese) Agency for Cultural Affairs
minimization; minimisation
major change; major transformation
sanctification; consecration
evolved form; developed form
hydrogen sulphide; hydrogen sulfide; sulphuretted hydrogen; sulfuretted hydrogen
phase change; state change; transformation
imperial influence; assimilation of new territory
privatization; privatisation
increase in sophistication; enhancement of functionality; increase in speed; upgrading
increased or beefed up security
symbolization; coding; encoding
nationalization; nationalisation
arteriosclerosis; hardening of the arteries
bipolarization; bipolarisation
chemical fertilizer; chemical fertiliser
obsolescence; becoming obsolete (of a product, etc.)
systematic implementation; institutionalization (e.g. way, method)
making hollow; making meaningless; deindustrialization; deindustrialisation
semi-European-style house; type of Japanese house incorporating Western elements that was made popular in the 1920s and 1930s
standardization; manualization; compiling into a manual; formalization
benighted lands outside of imperial influence
supernatural tanuki (Japanese folklore)
Japanization; Japanisation
standardization; standardisation
caricaturing; turning a movie, novel, etc. into a manga; making a comic version of something
becoming aware (of); becoming conscious (of); realization; conscientization; (formation of) critical consciousness
specialization; specialisation
aging process; ageing process
mass culture; pop culture; popular culture; culture of the people (as opposed to the elite)
very stormy weather (at sea); very poor catch of fish (due to stormy seas)
democratic movement; movement towards democracy
moral culture; spiritual culture; culture born through the workings of the human mind (science, religion, philosophy, religion, art, etc.)
turning a movie, comic, etc. into a (computer) game; gamification
standardization; standardisation; normalization (e.g. in maths)
making (information) into a database; creating a database (from information); entering into a database
chemical seasoning (esp. monosodium glutamate)
chemistry laboratory; chemical laboratory
change; metamorphosis; transformation
bleaching; whitening; chlorosis; albinism
Sovietize; Sovietise; turning red; become communistic
countermeasures to the falling birthrate
conceptualization; conceptualisation
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
popularization; popularisation
haunted mansion; haunted house; enchanted house
labor saving; labour saving
vaporization heat; vaporisation heat
modelling (e.g. a system, etc.)
full automation; becoming unmanned; making (something) unmanned
formulation; formularization; formularisation
unification; centralization; centralisation
aging society; ageing society
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
lantana (plant, flower); hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla); kabuki dance in which the dancer quickly changes his clothes seven times
chemical plant; chemical factory; chemical works
increase in the average age of marriage
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
masculinization; virilization
turning into a brand; branding
tightening of regulations
naturalized citizen; naturalised citizen
to be stormy or choppy (sea); to go through hard times; to be broke; to be gloomy; to be glum
synthetic fiber; synthetic fibre; chemical fiber; chemical fibre
make an issue or problem of something; something becoming a problem or issue
mysterious bird; strange bird; eerie bird; monster that has taken the form of a bird
Order of Culture; Order of Cultural Merit
(China's) Cultural Revolution (1966-76)
socialization; socialisation
Culture Day (national holiday; November 3)
standardization; standardisation
looking great with makeup
industrialization; industrialisation; commercialization
standardization; uniformalization
adopting (novel, etc.) for the theatre (theater)
homogenization (e.g. milk)
two sly characters outfoxing each other
Kōka era (1844.12.2-1848.2.28)
impersonation; personification
stylization; to stylize; to conventionalize
quantization; quantisation; quantizing
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
commercialization; commercialisation
turning into a slum; becoming run-down; slumism; slumification
leveling; levelling; equalization; alleviation (e.g. of unemployment); harmonization
animalization; animalisation
change over the years; aging; ageing; secular change
vulgarization; vulgarisation; secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
becoming part of the standard inventory (of a product); becoming popular
water-purification tank; septic tank
liquefied natural gas; LNG
objectivization; viewing objectively
centralization of power; centralisation of power
toughening the law; making the law stricter
industrialization; industrialisation
becoming cancerous; canceration
improvement; amelioration
Taika era (645.6.19-650.2.15)
incorporation; conversion to a corporation; privatization (of a previously public body)
lady's pin money (pocket money); payment to a cosmetician; cosmetic material; dowry (Edo period)
stratification; hierarchization; layering; tiering
cultural facilities (art galleries, tea rooms, etc.)
visualization; rendering visible (e.g. a problem); digitization
conversion to sugar; saccharification
tangible cultural properties
sulfuration; sulphuration
oxidizing agent; oxidant; oxidizer
legislating; legislation; passage of a bill into law
variation; variant pattern
hardener; curative agent; stiffening agent
toxification; turning toxic; turning poisonous
country with a high level of culture
all-electric (e.g. heating)
westernization; westernisation
digestive capacity; digestive power; digestive strength
individualization; individualisation
refinement; purification; gentle persuasion; winning over; influence
postal privatisation (privatisation of Japan Post)
popularization; popularisation
becoming cancerous; canceration
a sense of release (as if one had wings and were riding on air)
conservative swing; drift to the right; rightward trend
classifying in patterns; typification
becoming cancerous; canceration
religious-fund soliciting; Buddhist preaching
creating a mystery; mystification
many cultures; multicultural
slimming down; scaling back; thinning; streamlining; retrenchment
becoming the objective; setting as a goal
desalination; desalinization; desalting
cultural science (Rickert's "Kulturwissenschaft")
company split-up; spinning off of a separate company
Europeanization; Europeanisation; Westernization; Westernisation
aluminum oxide (Al2O3); aluminium oxide; alumina
lands outside (Chinese) civilization
culture; arts and sciences
self-organization; self-organisation
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease
virtualization; virtualisation
secularization; secularisation; popularization; popularisation
vinyl chloride; chloroethylene
chemical symbols (for the elements)
modernization; modernisation
bathroom mirror; vanity mirror
equalization; equalisation
magnetization; magnetisation
silicon dioxide (SiO2); silica
securitization; securitisation
Ministry of Culture (e.g. in China)
turning evil into good through proselytization
electrification (esp. in the auto industry)
dissimilation; catabolism; dissimilation (phonology); defamiliarization (artistic technique); ostranenie
putting online (services, administrative functions, etc.); going online; digitalization; digitization
ideation; process of forming and relating ideas; to ideate
intangible cultural heritage
changing; becoming; death
nullification; annihilation
age lowering; reduction in age
crystallization; crystallisation
conversion to fiber optics
kabuki dance in which the dancer quickly changes his clothes seven times; the seven common disguises of ninja
changing from free to paid (e.g. a service); starting to charge
duplication; to make redundant
female-to-male gender swap (in fan art and fan fiction)
making (something) free of charge; dispensing with fees
decryption; decipherment; decoding
nationalization; nationalisation
important intangible cultural asset
computerization; computerisation
militarization; militarisation
transition to domestic production; import substitution
simplification; unification
robotization; robotizing; automation
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
chemical structure; chemical constitution
commercialization; commercialisation
acclimatization; naturalization; acclimation
chemical composition; chemical component
dramatization; dramatisation
inflection; conjugation; declension
intangible cultural asset
computerization; computerisation
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (1950)
commercialization; commercialisation
influencing (a person) for good
(lit.) doughnut phenomenon; combination of urban sprawl and inner-city decay
vaporizer; vaporiser; carburetor; carburettor
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
heavy and chemical industries
Cultural Affairs Department
heaven of enjoying emanations; one of the six heavens of the desire realm
manpower reduction; personnel saving
inflection of words (e.g. declension of nouns and conjugation of verbs)
cooked and dry packed rice; processed quick-cooking rice
becoming a permanent resident; becoming permanently settled; domiciliation
arteriosclerosis; hardening of the arteries
acetone peroxide; triacetone triperoxide; peroxyacetone; TATP; TCAP
liberalization of capital transactions
recurrence relation; recurrence formula
Kulturkampf (church-state conflict in Prussia; 1872-1887)
banning (e.g. an organization); making something illegal
biological and chemical weapons
prevention of global warming
heaven of controlling others' emanations
communization; communisation
super-ageing society (aging)
Galapagosization; phenomenon of companies becoming overly specialized in developing products for the domestic market
applied chemistry; adaptation
carbon oxide; hypercapnia; hypercarbia; hypocapnia
liquefied gas; liquid gas
reformatory; reform school
heavy double-handled pot used for making rice
profit maximization; profit maximisation
making something freely available (information, access to a competition, etc.)
variation; amount of change
makeup base; liquid foundation
organizational culture; culture of an organization
streamlining of operations
evolutionary rate; rate of evolution
albinism; chlorosis; bleaching (of coral)
ghost story; spooky story
Fuke school (defunct sect of Zen Buddhism)
westernization; westernisation
commoditization; commodification
fiber-glass reinforced plastics; FRP
saponification; conversion to soap
localisation; localization; L10n (in IT)
environmental degradation
mechanization; mechanisation
influencing people by one's virtue
encephalomalacia; cerebromalacia; cerebral softening; softening of the brain
bureaucratization; bureaucratisation
magnesium oxide (MgO); magnesia
microminiaturization; micro-miniaturization
ornamental tile; facing bricks
important intangible folk culture asset
vocalization; vocalisation; voicing
making people subjects of the emperor; imperialisation; imperialization
cultural museum; museum of culture
vinyl chloride; chloroethylene
trade liberalization; trade liberalisation
normalization (e.g. in floating-point representation system); normalisation; standardization; standardisation
dividing into blocks; becoming a bloc; forming a bloc
malacia; abnormal softening of tissues
customization; customisation
indigestible; digestion-resistant; hard-to-digest
incorporation; assimilation; internalization; making part of oneself
acclimatization; naturalization; acclimation
artificial incubation; artificial hatching
person who has made outstanding cultural contributions
silicon dioxide (SiO2); silica
burying; underground installation (cables, etc.)
lantern ghost; demonic lantern
nitridization; nitriding; nitride (of)
case declension; case inflection
artificial incubation; artificial hatching
mercury sulfide (esp. mercuric sulfide, HgS, but also mercurous sulfide, Hg2S) (sulphide)
cross-cultural; intercultural
East Asian evergreen forest culture (theory)
ionization tendency; ionisation tendency
from the chemical point of view
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
militarization; militarisation
aluminium hydroxide (aluminum)
sampling (e.g. in signal processing)
lady's pin money; cosmetics expense
prevention of global warming
simplification; simplifying
individualization (of a task or job; as opposed to standardization); personalization
chemical weapons ban treaty
keratinization; cornification
low-carbohydrate diet; low-carb diet
multilingualization; multilingualisation; localization; localisation
demutualization; becoming incorporated
imperialisation policy (esp. on Korea during Japan's colonial rule) (imperialization); policy of imperialisation
sulfur dioxide; sulphur dioxide
copper oxide (i.e. cuprous oxide, cupric oxide)
extremely popular long-running TV show
putting in order; systemize; systemise
extreme population aging (ageing)
shift away from manufacturing to an information and service-based economy; softening; release (e.g. of a movie) on home video (e.g. DVD, BD, VHS)
creation of the world; evolution
chemical structural formula
assimilation; incorporation
decentralization (of power); decentralisation
liberalization of imports; liberalisation of imports
putting into print; setting in type; printing; publishing
writing into law; codification; enacting
hydrogenated oil; hardened oil
culture of the printed word; book culture
merchant class culture that flourished in Edo during the Bunka-Bunsei period
specialized AI; specialised AI
iron sulfide; iron sulphide
creative evolution (as proposed by Henri Bergson)
visual culture; culture of visual images; (screen) image culture
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
assimilation; metabolism; anabolism
removal of make-up before going to sleep
miniaturization technology
oxidation-reduction reaction
Streptococcus pyogenes (bacterium that causes group A streptococcal infections)
encephalomalacia; brain softening
chemical protective clothing; hazmat suit
sulphur oxide; sulfur oxide
international cultural exchange
gelling agent; gellatinizing agent; setting agent; gellant
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNESCO
kanji cultural sphere; countries where Chinese characters are used or were historically used
noumenal Buddha (in comparison to phenomenal Buddha)
cell potency; differentiation potency
cross-cultural; comparative culture
staging a story; filming a story
leftward shift; liberal trend
(the so-called) kanji culture
organizational inertia; organisational inertia
instantiation (in object-oriented programming)
cobalt chloride (esp. CoCl2, but also CoCl3)
something difficult to teach
pyogenic bacteria; pus-producing bacteria
hanky-panky; juggling; cheating; deception; smoke and mirrors
diurnal variation (temperature, etc.); daily variation; diel cycle
carbon assimilation; carbon fixation
caramelization; caramelisation
naturalized plant; naturalised plant
iconization; minimization
integration, e.g. of electronic components into integrated circuits
optimization program; optimisation program
non-electrified; unelectrified
layering; stratification; sheafification
vacuolation; vacuolization
urbanization control area; urban control area
arsenic trioxide; white arsenic (As2O3); arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)
monoamine oxidase inhibitor; MAO inhibitor; MAOI
fibre-reinforced (plastic, concrete, etc.) (fiber)
(being) free of chemical seasoning (esp. MSG)
alienation effect; Verfremdungseffekt
personalization; personalisation; product stopping being a luxury item
randomized controlled trial
canonization (in a textual sense)
diagonalisation; diagonalization
becoming (like) an old man (in one's manner); turning into an old geezer
polarization; polarisation; lining up with
arteriosclerosis obliterans
cosmo-chemistry; space science
computational chemistry (i.e. computer simulation of chemical phenomena); computer chemistry
heaven of enjoying emanations; one of the six heavens of the desire realm
sulfur dioxide; sulphur dioxide
generalization (psychology, linguistics, etc.)
vitrification (esp. oocyte cryopreservation)
gynecomastia; gynaecomastia
assumption of a suitable form (by a buddha or bodhisattva)
nitrogen oxide (esp. nitric oxide, but also nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen pentoxide, etc.)
recycling; resource recovery
giving guidance; explaining
chromium oxide (esp. Cr2O3 and CrO3)
gastrointestinal stromal tumor (tumour); GIST
tendency to not get married; declining marriage rate
lead monoxide; lead(II) oxide
impersonalization; impersonalisation; depersonalization
fundamental culture (concept proposed by German folklorist Hans Naumann); deep culture
McDonaldization (institutions in society becoming standardized and focused on efficiency and predictability)
fossil water; paleowater; palaeowater
castle magically created by the Buddha
tulku; reincarnate Tibetan lama
Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize
damping; muffling; noise-reduction
rationalization (modifying part of an irrational expression, esp. denominators, to exclude roots or irrational numbers)
industrial standardization law
Bunka-Bunsei period (approx. 1804-1830 CE)
looking great with makeup
zirconium oxide; zirconia
Palaeolithic culture; Paleolithic culture
antimony sulfide; antimony sulphide
atmospheric oxidation; oxidation upon exposure to the air; air oxidation; smoothering
plotting (of maps); mapping; compilation
carbon assimilation; carbon fixation
index fossil; zone fossil; guide fossil; indicator fossil
palynomorph; pollen fossil
increase in the level of academic achievement; popularisation of higher education
objectification; objectifying
Americanization; Americanisation
becoming more difficult (e.g. exam); increasing difficulty
non-fossil (energy, fuel, etc.)
(suffer) deterioration; growing worse; aggravation; degeneration; corruption
ghost; apparition; goblin; monster; something unusually large
to age; to grow old (esp. in appearance); to show marks of age
imperial lands; lands blessed by the emperor's reign
synthetic fiber; synthetic fibre; chemical fiber; chemical fibre
cell encapsulation; conversion into cells
decryption; decipherment; decoding
adapting for TV; television adaptation
ghost story; spooky story
cooked and dry packed rice; processed quick-cooking rice
commoditization; commodification
saponification; conversion to soap
increase in the average age of childbirth
caramelization; caramelisation
objectification; objectifying
objectification; objectifying
sulfur dioxide; sulphur dioxide
to unmask (someone's true nature)
to unmask (someone's true nature)
arsenic trioxide; white arsenic (As2O3); arsenic pentoxide (As2O5)
generalization (psychology, linguistics, etc.)
encryption; coding; password
masking one's true character; disguise; sheep's clothing
masking one's true character; disguise; sheep's clothing
parity check (data, memory, etc.)
chemical fertilizer; chemical fertiliser
normalization; normalisation
normalization; normalisation
mineralization; mineralisation
(high) tariff protection; tariff jumping
synthetic chemical industry
market liberalization; market liberalisation; opening up of a market
dimensional regularisation; dimensional regularization
motorization; motorisation
artificial incubation (method)
artificial incubation (method)
regularisation; regularization
second quantisation; second quantization
hardener (catalyst in hardening thermosetting materials)
thermosetting material (esp. plastics and resins)
privatized business; privatised business
paedomorphosis; pedomorphosis
vulcanized rubber; vulcanised rubber
gelatinization; gelatinisation
gelatinization; gelatinisation
(fully) automated factory
vocalization; vocalisation
area zoned for urbanization (urbanisation)
standardization; standardisation
multipolarization; multipolarisation
to expose one's true colors (colours); to expose one's true character
to expose one's true colors (colours); to expose one's true character
subcategorization; subcategorisation
subcategorization principle; subcategorisation principle
subcategorization feature; subcategorisation feature
functional unification grammar; FUG
information visualization; information visualisation
unification-based formalisms
coded character set; code
character encoding scheme
changing something to full remote control
energy of ionization; energy of ionisation
racemization; racemisation
dinitrogen monoxide; nitrous oxide
polyvinyl chloride; PVC; vinyl chloride resin
sulphur chloride; sulfur chloride
chemical oxygen demand; COD
Minister for Culture and Tourism
ortho-normalization; ortho-normalisation
chemical contamination disaster
environmental degradation
structured query language; SQL
mixed plutonium and uranium oxides fuel; MOX
political liberalization; political liberalisation
Conference of Parties of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
carbon dioxide reducing obligation
right to emit carbon dioxide
Council of Local Authorities for International Relations; CLAIR
suddenly turning for the worse; sudden deterioration
fine chemical (high precision chemicals, typically used in pharmaceutical products)
isomerized sugar; high-fructose corn syrup; HFCS
State Minister in Charge of Postal Services Privatization
(nuclear fuel) enrichment
postal privatisation (privatisation of Japan Post)
progeria (disease characterized by symptoms suggestive of premature aging)
cost minimization; cost minimisation
factor price equalization theorem
utility maximization; utility maximisation
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
mercurous oxide (Hg2O); mercuric oxide (HgO)
stannous oxide (SnO); stannic oxide (SnO2)
cadmium sulfide (CdS) (sulphide)
zinc sulfide (ZnS) (sulphide)
potassium ferricyanide (C6FeK3N6)
silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4)
silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4)
phonetic change; change in sound; shift in sound; sound change
phonetic change; change in sound; shift in sound; sound change
polyvinyl chloride pipe; PVC pipe
polyvinyl chloride pipe; PVC pipe
(study of) molecular evolution
elegant speech (esp. the use of the prefixes "o-" and "go-"); refined language; polite language
biochemical oxygen demand; BOD
evolutionarily stable strategy; ESS
the three creator gods (Amanominakanushi no Kami, Takamimusuhi no Kami and Kamimusuhi no Kami)
evolutionary developmental biology; evo-devo
economics of scope; economics of diversification
binary-coded decimal code
binary-coded decimal code
binary coded decimal; BCD
binary coded decimal; BCD
binary-coded decimal representation
binary-coded decimal representation
binary-coded decimal notation
binary-coded decimal notation
code element; code value; coded representation
search engine optimization; SEO
(cell) encapsulation delay
Data Encryption Standard; DES
digitization; digitisation; digital transformation; modernizing (society, etc.) with the use of IT
differential Manchester encoding
Hypermedia; Time-based Structuring Language; HyTime
markup minimization feature
link-by-link encipherment
romanisation; romanization; transcribing into the Latin script
phase modulation recording; phase encoding
phase modulation recording; phase encoding
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
metal oxide semiconductor; MOS
Metal Oxide Semiconductor; MOS
SQL; Structured Query Language
international standardization
International Organization for Standardization; ISO
Universal Character Set; UCS
time division multiplexing; TDM
omitted tag minimization parameter
normalized device coordinates; NDC
normalized projection coordinates; NPC
normalization transformation; Viewing transformation; window-to-viewport transformation
phase change optical disk
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor; CMOS
multiplexer; multiplexing equipment
Adaptive Transform Coding; ATC
non-return-to-zero (change) recording; NRZ(C)
standards organization; standards body
Encoded Information Type; EIT
body part encryption indication
culture of a higher order (as opposed to fundamental culture)
high capacity; high load capacity; high load carrying capacity
open-chain compound; acyclic compound
age resister; antioxidant
fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (disease of the connective tissue); FOP
evolutionary epistemology
orthogonalized plane wave; OPW
carbon sink; carbon dioxide sink; CO2 sink
naturalized animal; naturalised animal
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
phosphine; phosphane; diphosphine; diphosphane; solid hydrogen phosphides (a yellow powder)
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
sustained virological response; SVR
isomerization; isomerisation
phase-transfer emulsification
complex compound; chelate compound
morphofunctional modifications
morphofunctional modifications
audio equalizer circuit; sound equalizer circuit
audio equalizer; sound equalizer
private koyomi published illegally (Edo period)
private koyomi published illegally (Edo period)
lead dioxide; lead(IV) oxide
period in the sixth and seventh centuries prior to the Taika reform
crystallization differentiation
one of the 72 climates (from the 11th of the second lunar month until the 15th)
guidance; teaching people and leading them to Buddhism
change toward a borderless world; development of a borderless world
automated mass-production
postal service privatization
blackening solution; (arch.) developing solution
time when moles transform into quails (second climate of the third month)
demythologization; demythicization
stock conversion; conversion to stock
femtosecond chemistry; femtochemistry
oxidative phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
resealable metal can (for coffee, tea leaves, sweets, etc.)
greenhouse gases; heat-trapping gases
incentives to promote land transactions
moving to a market-oriented economy; market-oriented economic reform
decolonization; decolonisation
digestion resistant dextrin; indigestible dextrin
pyococcus; coccoid bacterium that forms pus
evolutionary game theory (EGT)
heightened tension; intensification of tension
neutral theory of molecular evolution
synthetic organic chemistry; organic synthetic chemistry
makeup products; cosmetics
water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout; fresh water used when making up one's face
depalatalization (e.g. dropping small kana in borrowing foreign words into Japanese); depalatalisation
primary lateral sclerosis; PLS
chloroplatinic acid; hexachloroplatinic acid
oleochemistry; oil and fat chemistry
atherosclerosis; atherosclerotic
expanding abroad; tapping overseas markets
adding a penalty to a crime (e.g. fines, prison); penalizing a crime
iron hydroxide; ferrous hydroxide; ferric hydroxide
hexachloroethane; perchloroethanes
periventricular leukomalacia (leucomalacia)
lithium hexafluorophosphate
lithium hexafluorophosphate
benevolent rule of a gracious sovereign
pro-democracy movement in China
tissue plasminogen activator; tPA; PLAT
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; PAH
(pharmaceutical) candidate compound
inclusion compound; clathrate compound
loris (esp. a slow loris)
liquefied petroleum gas; LPG
Law Regulating Adult Entertainment Businesses
transformation of the population of Japan into idiots (because of television)
crystallized glass; vitroceramics; glass-ceramic
normalization; offering people with disabilities the same conditions as other people
digital rights; digitization rights; right to digitize a work
coulrophobia; fear of clowns
New Culture Movement (revolutionary movement in China, 1917-1921)
employment mobility; fluidity of employment
subnormal number; denormal number; denormalized number
chemical oceanography; marine chemistry
age hardening; precipitation hardening; particle hardening
open-chain compound; acyclic compound
cyclic compound; ring compound
carbon sink; carbon dioxide sink; CO2 sink
modulation symbol (flat, sharp, etc.)
beef (or pork) and egg on rice
search engine optimization (optimisation); SEO
simplified Chinese character
polyvinylidene fluoride; polyvinylidene difluoride; PVDF
denationalization (industry, company, etc.)
actinic keratosis; solar keratosis; senile keratosis
low-carbohydrate; low-carb
card that can be counted as more than one type of card for scoring combinations (e.g. the sake cup card or the November suit)
card that can be counted as more than one type of card for scoring combinations (e.g. the sake cup card or the November suit)
Westernization of food; Westernization of dietary habits
Longshan culture (China, 3000-1900 BCE); Lung-shan culture; Black Pottery culture
everyone drinks at least a little bit; (lit.) ghosts and non-drinkers do not exist
everyone drinks at least a little bit; (lit.) ghosts and non-drinkers do not exist
carbon assimilation; carbon fixation
carbon assimilation; carbon fixation
randomized controlled trial
rendering plant for livestock carcasses
non-fossil fuel energy value trading market (established in 2018 by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Non-Fossil Fuel Certificate
sea level change; eustatic change
bunkafu; tablature notation system used for shamisen music
yellow stem borer (species of moth, Scirpophaga incertulas)
striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis)
map puffer (Arothron mappa)
chosenia (Chosenia arbutifolia) (species of willow, also Salix arbutifolia)