siege; encirclement; envelopment; surrounding; besiegement
jewel beetle (esp. Chrysochroa fulgidissima); buprestid
civilian and military man
period; Nihon Shoki (second oldest work of Japanese history, compiled in 720 CE); Nihongi; Kii (former province located in present-day Wakayama and southern Mie prefectures)
actually; really; truly; in practice; practically
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
unhurt; uninjured; flawless (e.g. gem); unblemished; spotless (e.g. reputation); faultless (e.g. performance)
to agree; to decide upon; to enter into (a contract)
hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest
cowardly; craven; unfair; mean; sneaky
to stand in the way (esp. with legs spread out); to block the way; to stand in the way (e.g. of progress); to obstruct
to take into one's possession; to receive; to take into one's care (e.g. person, pet); to take custody of; to leave; to go away
inner glow or light; deep gloss or luster (lustre)
further; above (that); greater (than that); any more
capture; seizure; prehension; apprehension; understanding; grasp
achievement; meritorious deed; distinguished service; contribution
buying up of goods; cornering (market)
to bring (news, knowledge, etc.); to introduce; to bring about; to cause; to produce (e.g. results)
talented person; person known for real ability rather than looks
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
eternity; permanence; perpetuity; Eikyū era (1113.7.13-1118.4.3)
leadership; initiative; spearhead
revolution; 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in Onmyōdō)
military movements; military actions; military operations; military campaigns
head; leader; top; (arch.) important part
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext; excuse; grounds (for)
to imitate; to copy; to mock; to trace; to forge
make; manufacture; -made; made of ...; made in ...
papermaking; paper manufacture
development; cultivation; application; exploitation (of resources)
1,000,000; one million; million; many
economic strength; economic power; economic might