external; foreign; with foreign countries; towards foreign countries
area of the Edo castle where the shogun would work and spend his daily life
legal wife (of a noble) (as opposed to a concubine); room for receiving guests; heir; successor
court ladies of the middle rank serving in the inner palace (Heian period); female servant for a samurai family; lady-in-waiting working in the inner palace of the Edo castle (Edo period)
strict; severe; stern; rigid; rigorous; tough
decorative ceiling painting
pupil; disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice; young person
Confucianist; Confucian (scholar)
outside Kyoto or the capital
between-season wear; spring and autumn clothing
impressed (glued) gold or silver foil on traditional Japanese fabric; type of noh costume
young (usu. of a woman); blooming; in the prime of youth; with a charm appropriate to one's age
sorrow; grief; anguish; anxiety; worry; trouble
one's real mother; natural mother; birth mother; biological mother
lineage; pedigree; family line; birth
small han; small (feudal) domain
mechanism; machinery; system; structure; organization
to grow; to grow up; to be good at; to excel in
assistant; adjunct; lieutenant
assigned role; duty; position; suitable role; best-suited job
single-person cell; isolation cell; solitary cell; solitary confinement cell
dungeon; underground prison
old friend; familiar face
guidance; lead; introduction; good offices; guide; primer
hypodermic needle; injection needle
to have a bad time; to go through a bitter experience; to get into trouble; to get hurt; to suffer
Japanese dock (Rumex japonicus)
slipping one's bonds; escaping; flight
slim; slender; lithe; smoothly; without resistance; without trouble
gentlemanly; well-mannered; well-bred; gentlemanlike
capsule toy; vending machine toy; gacha; loot box; lottery (i.e. something decided by chance)
to become rusted together; to become rusted shut; to rust; to become (completely) rusty; to become rusty (of a skill or ability); to become less effective
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
to put together; to combine; to join together; to match against (e.g. in a sport)
archer's glove (with a groove for pulling the string)
bowing (a string instrument)
arms; armament; taking up arms; arming oneself
traditional ordering of the Japanese syllabary; fundamentals; the ABCs of ...
to step forward; to take a step forward; to start on a project, etc.; to take the first step with