indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
wagon; tea wagon; teacart; station wagon; estate car
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
ancient Shinto music and dancing
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
light; right; right field; right fielder
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
coughing; hacking cough; thundering; drumming
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
special training; intensive training; crash course
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(some) more; even more; longer; further
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady