to go upstream; to go up (a river); to go back (to the past or origin); to date back (to); to trace back (to)
congestion (with blood); hyperemia; hyperaemia
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
trembling (with fear, cold, etc.); shaking; chattering (of teeth); coming loose; wobbling
calligrapher; individual with good penmanship
to be better (than); to be superior; to surpass; to excel; to be excellent
elegant; refined; polished; high-quality goods; first-class article
to master (e.g. a skill); to become accustomed to (e.g. a lifestyle); to acquire (e.g. a habit); to retain
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
(personal) appearance; (personal) grooming; essential skill; required knowledge
performance of one's official duties
serious; earnest; sober; honest; sincere
capable; able; talented; promising
admiration; being impressed; admirable; praiseworthy; astonishment; being appalled
hostel; dormitory; (arch.) bureau (government department beneath a ministry under the ritsuryō system); (arch.) tea-ceremony room; (arch.) villa
leisure; leisure time; spare time
calligraphy (esp. Asian calligraphy based on Chinese characters)
to take lessons in; to be taught; to learn (from a teacher); to study (under a teacher); to get training in
period; Nihon Shoki (second oldest work of Japanese history, compiled in 720 CE); Nihongi; Kii (former province located in present-day Wakayama and southern Mie prefectures)
outstanding work of calligraphy
someone; a certain person
surprisingly; astonishingly; amazingly; alarmingly
in; at; on; as for; regarding; with regards to
account; history; notice; note; Kojiki (earliest historical record of Japan, compiled in 712 CE); Records of Ancient Matters
clerk; secretary; writing down; putting on record
little more than; only slightly better than; almost the same as
and yet; despite (all) that
study; library; den; home office; reading room
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
latticed shutters (in traditional Japanese and Chinese architecture)
rattling; clattering; trembling; shivering; whining; grumbling
infant; baby; little child
to air; to dry; to drain (off); to drink up; to deprive of a role, job, etc.
infant; baby; little child
to beg; to pester; to plead; to coax; to hound; to importune
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to do thoroughly; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
writing brush and inkstone; writing; composition; daily life of a writer
original; unique; distinctive; independent; one's own; personal
manners; behavior; behaviour
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
lightweight fabric or clothing; silk gauze; thin silk