indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ten thousand years; eternity; perennial; perpetual
number; number plate; license plate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
duty; obligation; responsibility
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
still more; even more; all the more; still less; even less
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
left side; left-hand side
ugly; unattractive; unsightly; unseemly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
individuality; personality; quirk; idiosyncrasy; character; individual characteristic
et cetera; etc.; and the like; the likes of; something like
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
even if; even though; however; no matter how
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
denial; negation; negation (logic); NOT operation
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope