indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
sponsorship (i.e. conducting under one's auspices); promotion; organizing; organising; hosting; staging
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
attendance; presence; appearance
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
participation; joining; entry
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
suitable; proper; appropriate; perfunctory; half-minded; sloppy
to dance (orig. a hopping dance); to be manipulated; to dance to someone's tune
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
so; therefore; and; (and) then
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
the other day; a few days ago
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly