1. southern barbarians (name used in ancient China for non-Chinese ethnic groups to the south)
2. South-East Asian countries (in the late-Muromachi and Edo periods)
3. Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal and their South-East Asian colonies; late-Muromachi and Edo periods)
4. foreign (of goods from South-East Asia and Western Europe); exotic (esp. in a Western European or South-East Asian style)
5. chili pepper
6. nanban; dish prepared using chili peppers and Welsh onions
7. thrusting the right foot and right arm forward at the same time (or left foot and left arm; in kabuki, dance, puppetry, etc.)