absurd; foolish; stupid; silly; nonsense; ludicrous
crash; smash; bang; sound of a large, heavy object falling
(even) if only a little; to some extent; in the slightest way
in a sense; in some way; to an extent
to offer (a suggestion, etc.); to propose (an idea, etc.); to approach with (a proposal, etc.)
mental fatigue; worry; boredom
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
outrageous; preposterous; scandalous; inexcusable; absurd; execrable
in public; in company; in the presence of others
manners; courtesy; etiquette
to go against; to act contrary to; to run counter to; to deviate from
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
dryness; aridity; drying (e.g. clothes); insipidity
to shrink; to contract; to diminish (in size)
to cut open; to clear (land); to cut (a path, road, etc.); to carve out (a new career, future, etc.); to open up (a new field)
just now; a little while back; a short time ago
contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
old-fashioned; behind the times; out-of-date; antiquated
cannot be helped; unavoidable; pointless; useless; hopeless (person); annoying
to spill; to drop; to grumble (about); to complain (of); to let (one's feelings) show
to be disheartened; to lose heart; to be sprained; to be snapped; to be broken
a great deal; very much; a lot; (arch.) with a great amount of effort
exaggerated; overblown; overdone
trivial; not amounting to much; not enough to cause a problem; not as much as expected
contemporary writing; modern text; modern Japanese writing; modern Japanese (as a school subject); literature written since the Meiji period
Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods); medieval times; mediaeval times
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
to read and understand; to interpret (e.g. a difficult text); to read deeply; to decipher; to decode
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
preface; foreword; introduction
to change places (with); to be replaced (with, by); to be changed; to change (seats, shifts, etc.; with someone); to switch; to exchange
castle town; city in Japan that developed around the castle of a feudal lord
gap; narrow space between things; valley; gorge; loophole (in a castle wall); arrow slit
rule; domination; direction; management; control (of one's destiny, public opinion, etc.); governing
appalling; horrifying; dreadful; hideous; revolting; disgusting
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
crown (of head); summit (of mountain); easy win for one; something received