indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
just cause; good reason; pretext; duty (to one's country, sovereign, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
party; banquet; reception; feast; dinner
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
one day; all day (long); the whole day; first day of the month
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to arrive at (e.g. a decision); to reach (a stage); to lead to (a place); to get to; in the extreme case of; (arch.) to come
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
the whole day; all the day
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
confession (to a crime, wrongdoing, etc.); admission; professing one's feelings (to someone one wants to go out with); declaration of love; profession (of faith); confession (of sins)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled (of an arrangement, conclusion, etc.)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
first words said (e.g. when meeting someone); first thing out of one's mouth; first speech; inaugural address; first tone (in Chinese); level tone
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!