border; boundary; turning point; watershed; area; region
fortune; property; life circumstances; finances; one's worth; one's merit
whereabouts; country; one's home village; one's residence
to write down; to note; to jot down; to remember
barrier; gate; seki (in go); mutual life
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
expel the barbarians; expulsion of the foreigners; late Edo period (19th century) revolutionary slogan
to be playful; to gambol; to be amused (with something); to play; to sport; to frolic
border; boundary; turning point; watershed; area; region
to lash out at; to flare up at; to fly at; to turn on
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
public opinion; popular voice; public sentiment; consensus
Kyūshū (southernmost of the four main islands of Japan)
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
form of government; system of government; polity
revival; reconstruction; restoration; rebuilding; recovery; renaissance
to yield; to give in; to bend (knee, etc.); to subdue; to overpower; (arch.) to feel down
traitor (to one's country); quisling
to take the lead; to lead a group; to be in the vanguard
shogunal vassal; direct retainer of a shogun
lower layer; layer beneath; lower strata (classes)
line; queue; procession; matrix
killing and wounding; bloodshed
wheat; barley; oat (oats)
just the other day; quite recently
off the coast; offshore; out at sea
bombarding; shelling; bombardment
never ceasing; never ending; endless
revere the Emperor; expel the western barbarians (19th century slogan)
to set about in earnest; to put one's back into something
crying oneself to sleep; giving up in frustration; accepting meekly; being compelled to accept a situation
imperial loyalist samurai of the Bakumatsu-era; patriots; idealists willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the nation
splash pattern (e.g. on a kimono); dye pattern; kasuri
rickshaw puller; rickshaw driver; rickshaw man
unchastity; misconduct; dissipation; fornication
ruffian; scoundrel; rogue; rascal; villain; hoodlum