civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
wave; billow; ups and downs; (something) advancing step by step; (something) surging forward inopposably; tendency
to advance on; to close in; to march on; to descend on (the enemy); to move towards; to surge forward (crowd, wave of nostalgia, wave, etc.)
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; suddenly; all of a sudden; all at once
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
evolution; evolution; becoming more advanced; progress
one (thin, flat object); one sheet
bill; handbill; flyer; flier; leaflet; poster
to throw violently against; to slam against; to strike; to thrust at someone (e.g. a letter)
opening (a new store, golf course, runway, etc.); open; frank; open (car, collar, tournament, etc.)
it is written that ...; ... is written; it says ...; it reads ...
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to (happen to) see; to notice; to catch sight of
pavement café; sidewalk café; open-air café
form (as opposed to substance); format; form; formality; form; mode
parking lot; car park; carpark; parking garage
cart (esp. a food cart); stall; festival float; portable shrine dedicated to a god and shaped like a house; stage prop fashioned after a large building; framework (of a building)
right on the heels of yesterday; only yesterday
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
to arrive (by car, bike, etc.); to drive up to; to draw up at; to get used to riding; to get used to driving
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
to do with enthusiasm; to be excited to do; to throw oneself into
to arouse someone's interest; to whet (appetite); to be appealing; to be intriguing; to be fascinating
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
too terrible to look at; unbearable to look at
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that)
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
sharing a table with someone you don't know (e.g. at a restaurant)
monopoly; monopolization; exclusivity; hogging; keeping to oneself
to feel awkward; to feel ashamed; to feel inferior; to feel shy (about doing something)
atmosphere; mood; a certain air; presence; (Earth's) atmosphere
the other day; lately; recently; meanwhile; in the meantime
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
emergency; extreme; great; extraordinary
to flick out; to spring out; to calculate; to work out; to expel (from a group); to drive out
ring; circle; hoop; wheel; circle (e.g. of friends); planetary ring
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
dear (old); fondly remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
OK; okay; fine (without); not needed; unnecessary
acknowledgement; acknowledgment; understanding; approval; consent