one hundred years ago; a hundred year previously
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
historic; historical; traditional
at that time; in those days
unripe; green; inexperienced; immature; unskilled
to gasp; to pant; to breathe hard; to suffer; to struggle
never ceasing; never ending; endless
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
to end one's life; to commit suicide; to end a life; to kill
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
various foreign countries; several foreign countries
on the occasion of; at the time of
precautions; warnings; matters to be attended to; things to note; suggestions; hints
foreign citizenship; foreign nationality
to be enrolled (in a college, course of study, etc.); to be a member (of an organization)
murder; homicide; manslaughter
to defend against; to protect against; to prevent; to avert; to avoid
to the end; to the bitter end; to the last; after all; it must be remembered; only
people; citizens; subjects; folk
applying (e.g. a technology); adoption
... is the reason; ... is my excuse
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
in drops; dripping; gently (sloping); sluggishly; endlessly; leisurely
consent; assent; agreement; understanding; comprehension; grasp
overserious; deeply sincere; very earnest
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
to be to the point; to hit the mark; to be relevant
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
half-hearted reply; vague answer; reluctant answer
if you like; if you prefer; if it suits you; if ... doesn't suit you; if you don't like ...; if ... doesn't take your fancy
state of mind; mental state; mental attitude
slightly; lightly; thinly; faintly; dimly
to be transparent; to show through