optimism; taking an optimistic view
in order to do; for the purpose of doing
to compose; to put together
characteristic; traditional; peculiar; inherent; native; eigen-
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
length (of an animal); body length
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
fierce; intense; severe; violent; strong; vehement
aviation; flight; flying; to fly; to take a flight
to fly about; to flutter about; to flit about; to fly past each other
successively; one after another
to stuff into; to jam; to shorten; to move closer together; to reduce (spending); to conserve; to focus intently on
hypothesis; supposition; assumption
unreliable; undependable; helpless; forlorn; worried; uneasy
counterattack; counteroffensive; counterblow
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
what is to be done?; what should (I) do?; what (am I) to do?
to go down and stand; to alight; to get down
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
guy; fellow; chap; bastard; asshole; arsehole
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
son of a bitch; piece of shit
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
just a minute; small quantity
poor; pitiful; piteous; pitiable
to be amazed; to be shocked; to be astonished; to be astounded; to be disgusted; to be exasperated
dry; dry (tone, humour, etc.); unemotional; dry (of alcohol)
plate; dish; serving; helping; kanji radical 108 (at the bottom)
correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications
at once; immediately; right now
to sew; to stitch; to weave one's way (e.g. through a crowd)
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
unexpectedly; surprisingly