one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
Toyo (former province located in present-day Ōita and Fukuoka prefectures; later split into Buzen and Bungo provinces); affluent country; rich country
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Yamato (ancient name for Japan)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
thanks; gratitude; appreciation; thankfulness
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
touch; contact; contact (with people); dealings; tangency
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to spend; to expend; to waste; to squander; to devote
to build; to construct; to erect; to build up (a reputation, position, fortune, etc.); to establish (a relationship, household, tradition, etc.); to lay (a foundation)
pipe; tube; (tobacco) pipe; cigarette holder; go-between; intermediary
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
meeting; rendezvous; meeting for the first time; coming across; confluence
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
exceedingly; extremely; decisively
important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
turning point; critical juncture; knot (in a tree, etc.)
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
pure gold; solid gold; fine gold
painting something vermillion; lacquering something vermillion; vermillion-lacquered object
to illuminate; to shine a light on; to light up
Purple Forbidden Enclosure (group of constellations in the northern sky associated with the emperor)
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red