indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
memories; recollections; reminiscence
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
disliking; not wanting; unpleasant; disagreeable; no!; quit it!
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
across; over; beyond; throughout (a period of time); for
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to shout (in anger); to yell
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
to change (one's clothes)
to be excited; to be nervous; to be thrilled
while; during; while; although; all; both
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
discouragement; despondency; dejection; disappointment
after a long time; for the first time in a while
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
unsatisfying; disappointing; abrupt; not enough; too quick; too short
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more