honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to calm down; to compose oneself; to calm down; to settle down; to settle down (in a location, job, etc.); to settle in; to be settled (of an arrangement, conclusion, etc.)
of course; certainly; naturally
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
minimum; at the very least
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
even a little; any at all; if only a little; no matter how little
speeding up; increase in pace
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
and then; and so; and; so then
theatre; theater; playhouse
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
several weeks; a few weeks