hello; good day; good afternoon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
last; final; end; conclusion; rust
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
delivery (of a package, goods, etc.)
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
with a feeling of relief; with a sigh of relief; deeply (sigh)
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
sale; offering for sale; putting on sale; putting on the market; release (for sale)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
January; first month of the lunar calendar
first day of the month; the first of the month
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
thankfully; fortunately; luckily; thanks to your (his, their, everyone's, etc.) kindness; thanks to your assistance; thanks to your support
long time; long interval; for quite some time
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
New Year's gift (usu. money given to a child by relatives and visitors)
substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)