to fight to the bitter end
logistics; supply; communications
division (of a larger group); branch; field; class (subclass); group; category
midwinter; dead of winter
Karafuto (Japanese name for Sakhalin)
present; current; in operation
Napoleon; napoleon (Japanese trick-taking game)
protection against the cold
to weather (a storm, rough seas); to ride across; to get through (adversity); to weather; to load completely (e.g. books on a shelf, people or luggage in a car)
of no use; useless; not fit for purpose
hypothesis; supposition; assumption; expectation; anticipation
manufacturing; processing; treatment; machining
to need; to demand; to take; to require
blockade; lockdown; sealing off (an area); freezing (funds)
the north; northward; northern direction; northern part (e.g. of a country); northern district
breeding; raising; rearing; keeping
Manchuria and Inner Mongolia
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
facility; facilities; institution; home (for the elderly, orphans, etc.)
calculation; estimation; computation
Fengtian (old name for Shenyang, China); Mukden
(being) face to face; facing each other
one night; all night; overnight; one evening
successful execution; accomplishment; completion; fulfillment; carrying through
strengthening; intensifying; reinforcement; reinforcement
rebirth; new birth; nascent
industrialization; industrialisation; establishing a production system; putting into production
logical; cogent; well-reasoned; logically consistent
emphasizing (a point, argument, etc.); stressing; insistence; arguing strongly (for, against)
stock-farming; livestock farming; cattle breeding
organization; organisation; systematization; systematisation
making efficient; optimization
immigration; emigration; immigrant; emigrant