chapter one; first chapter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ripening (of a crop); crop; harvest
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
castle town; city in Japan that developed around the castle of a feudal lord
dinner party; ceremonial dinner; dinner meeting (or lunch, breakfast)
dyer's knotweed (Persicaria tinctoria, used to produce indigo dye); indigo (dye); indigo (colour)
eleventh day of the month; eleven days
that day; the very same day
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to crowd together in a confined space; to gather and make a commotion
inn town; post town; post-station town
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cart (esp. a food cart); stall; festival float; portable shrine dedicated to a god and shaped like a house; stage prop fashioned after a large building; framework (of a house, etc.)
trade; business; commerce; occupation; calling; profession
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to descend; to go down; to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.); to pass (of time); to surrender; to capitulate; to be less than
vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
to have; to possess; to own; to be endowed with
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case