center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
large number (of); many; majority
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
(courteous) invitation; call
to play a central role; to take a leading part
westernization; westernisation
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
immersing oneself in; being absorbed in; devoting oneself to; giving oneself up entirely to
person of culture; educated person; highbrow
frivolous; flippant; superficial; shallow; trifling; insincere
deterioration; changing for the worse
to give (as a gift); to present; to confer; to bestow; to award
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
Europeanization; Europeanisation; Westernization; Westernisation
to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; to get over (e.g. hardship); to pass time (e.g. a winter); to surpass; to be better than; to move house
without cause; without reason
much less; to say nothing of
to forget completely; to leave behind
diction; grammar; syntax; usage; wording
ignorance; innocence; stupidity
uneducated; uncultured; unrefined; ignorant
to collect information; to gather knowledge
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
(one's) skin colour; skin color; skin tone; flesh colour (of a Japanese person); flesh color; pale orange
ignorance; (lack of) enlightenment or civilization (civilisation); unenlightened; uncivilized; uncivilised
about the middle (of an era); middle lobe (right lung); median lobe (prostate)
quickening; foetal (fetal) movement; fomenting (trouble)
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
to speak unanimously; to speak in chorus; to speak in unison; to speak in one voice
vulgar; mean; base; coarse; crude
at first; in the beginning; originally
ugly; unattractive; unsightly; unseemly
all countries; the whole world; universal; all nations
uncertain; doubtful; unreliable; unsteady; unclear; vague