suffix for familiar person
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.); squash
in regard to; concerning (usu. of disputes)
clamour; clamor; uproar; tumult; furore; furor
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to compete (with each other); to contend for; to vie for; to rival
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
recently; lately; these days
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
difficult to get into; not be easily influenced into joining some mood or activity
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
honorific; term of respect; polite expression; honorific language
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
failure; mistake; blunder
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing