indicates sentence topic;  indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated);  adds emphasis
 a little;  a bit;  just a minute;  for a moment;  somewhat;  rather;  (not) easily
 very;  greatly;  immense;  enormous;  serious;  grave
 thing;  matter;  incident;  occurrence;  circumstances;  situation;  work
 indicates sentence subject (occasionally object);  indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions);  but;  however;  regardless of;  whether (or not)
 to get up;  to rise;  to wake up;  to be awake;  to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents);  to happen
 the expectation is that ...;  the reason is that ...;  the fact is that ...;  the explanation is that ...;  it is that ...
 hey;  you;  hey;  hey;  hold on;  yo
 it is assuredly that ...;  can say with confidence that ...;  did not ...
 pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
 at (place, time);  in;  to (direction, state);  toward;  for (purpose);  because of (reason);  for
 to let fly;  to make fly;  to skip over;  to leave out;  to run fast;  to drive fast;  to spray
 town;  block;  downtown;  main street;  street;  road
 five;  five years of age;  eight o'clock (old time system)
 indicates possessive;  nominalizes verbs and adjectives;  substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases;  (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion;  (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis;  (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
 light;  illumination;  ray;  happiness;  hope;  influence
 pillar;  post;  support;  prop;  counter for buddhas, gods, nobles, etc.
 if;  when;  and;  with;  used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.);  promoted pawn;  indicates a question
 ring;  circle;  hoop;  wheel;  circle (e.g. of friends)
 indicates direct object of action;  indicates subject of causative expression;  indicates an area traversed;  indicates time (period) over which action takes place;  indicates point of departure or separation of action;  indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
 to make;  to produce;  to prepare (food);  to brew (alcohol);  to raise;  to grow;  to till
 behind;  rear;  after;  later;  remainder;  the rest;  more (e.g. five more minutes)
 one;  for one thing;  only;  (not) even;  just (e.g. "just try it");  some kind of;  one type of
 at;  in;  at;  when;  by;  with;  and then
 middle;  centre;  center;  midpoint;  heart
 book;  volume;  this;  present;  main;  head
 to open;  to undo;  to bloom;  to unfold;  to open (for business, e.g. in the morning);  to be wide (gap, etc.);  to widen
 the world;  society;  sphere;  circle;  world-renowned;  world-famous
 connection;  link;  relationship
 force;  strength;  capability;  ability;  efficacy;  effect;  effort
 to finish;  to stop;  to close (a business, etc.);  to close down;  to put away;  to put back
 memory;  recollection;  remembrance;  storage
 to take back;  to regain;  to get back;  to recover
 wise person;  virtuous person;  sage;  unrefined sake
 sword (esp. a large, double-edged one);  blade;  bayonet;  swordsmanship;  stinger;  ovipositor
 to fall (over, down);  to collapse;  to be destroyed (in a collapse);  to collapse;  to be confined to bed (with an illness);  to come down with;  to die
 nicely;  properly;  frequently;  often;  I'm glad that you ...;  thank you for ...
 to read;  to recite (e.g. a sutra);  to chant;  to predict;  to guess;  to decipher;  to count
 but;  however;  even;  however;  no matter how;  ... or something;  either ... or ...
 important;  significant;  precious;  valuable;  careful