this occasion; at this time; now
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
jumping straight to the business, ...; I know this is abrupt, but ...; let's skip the pleasantries; getting to the point
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
opening (a letter, parcel, etc.); breaking the seal; unboxing (a product); unsealed mail
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
will; testament; last request
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
to read out; to read aloud; to call out; to finish reading; to read through
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
by means of; due to; because of; according to
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
possession; retention; maintenance
ryokan; traditional inn; Japanese-style lodging, usu. professionally-run
(arch.) clearly; (arch.) brightly; cleanly; purely
sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera); Indian lotus; lotus; rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
ownership; dominion; ownership rights; proprietorship; property rights
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
shall ...; to assume; to suppose
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of