to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
maidservant; housemaid; hostess (in a ryokan); waitress (in a traditional restaurant); (arch.) court lady; (arch.) lady
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
since when; from when; how long
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to play dumb; to feign ignorance; to play the fool; to be in one's dotage
to grow senile; to be childish with age; to be mentally slow; to be befuddled; to play stupid; to say something stupid (oft. on purpose; esp. as part of a comedic routine)
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to hit; to attack; to bash; to sound out (someone's views); to pound (meat or fish); to chop into small pieces
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
large-headed dwarf statue, bringer of good luck
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
to open out (of a view, scenery, etc.); to spread out; to improve (of luck, prospects, etc.); to get better; to develop (of a town, civilization, etc.); to become civilized; to be sensible
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
elder brother; big brother; one's senior; one's elder; old ingredients; stale ingredients
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to raid; to storm; to launch an attack (on); to mount an assault (on)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)