cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
tedium; boredom; dullness; to feel bored; to get bored with; to get tired of
to rub; to crumple; to massage; to argue; to have a heated discussion; to train; to coach
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
third day of the month; three days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
please (give me); please (do for me)
inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
bump; lump; protuberance; swelling
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
line (of text); row; carya (austerities); samskara (formations); semi-cursive style (of writing Chinese characters); running style
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
bow (weapon); archery; bow (for a violin, etc.)
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
till; to; concerning (an area of expertise); swearing by (one's sword, God, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
pointed end; tip; point; forefront; vanguard; spearhead
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so