substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
to fall; to drop; to set (of the sun or moon); to sink; to decrease (of popularity, quality, speed, sales, etc.); to fall; to be inferior (to)
cleaning; dry cleaning; laundry service
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
return gift; return favour; revenge; change (in a cash transaction)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
idle complaint; grumble; moha (ignorance, folly)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
to see to it that ...; to make sure that ...; to try to ...; to make an effort to ...
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; courtesy visit (to offer condolences, say congratulations, pay respect, introduce oneself, etc.)
is that so?; I see; right; oh
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he