that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
honorific/polite/humble prefix
letter; missive; note; mail
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
older brother; elder brother
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
news; tidings; information; correspondence; letter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
bush clover; Japanese clover (any flowering plant of genus Lespedeza); dark red exterior with blue interior (color combination worn in autumn); Hagi (city in Yamaguchi)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
in succession; one by one
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
secret order of the Emperor; confidential imperial command
emperor; ruler (with a heavenly mandate); heavenly being; celestial being
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
imperial order; imperial decree; imperial command
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
Emperor Koumei; Koumei Tenno (1831-1866 CE, reigning: 1846-1866 CE)
(Edo-period) chief minister
permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
signature; signing; sealing
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to blame; to reproach; to question (a suspect); to challenge; to aggravate (an injury); to be aggravated