cool breeze; cool air; refreshing coolness
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
leaving a decision to someone else (often of a meal to be selected by the chef); omakase
please (give me); please (do for me)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
to take on; to undertake; to take over; to inherit; to guarantee; to vouch for
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
after school (at the end of the day)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
certain; unmistaken; evident; obvious; beyond doubt
suffix for familiar person
grandfather; male senior-citizen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make someone drink; to force someone to drink; to serve (alcohol); to treat someone (to drinks); to be drinkable (esp. of alcohol); to be palatable
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
adds force or indicates command
offender; criminal; culprit
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out