Kansei era (1789.1.25-1801.2.5)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
busy place; busy street; place that's always bustling with people; amusement quarters
both countries; Ryōgoku (area of Tokyo)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
senior town administrator (Edo period)
son and heir; son who will succeed one
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
something; some kind of; for some reason
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Japanese spaniel; Pekinese; chin
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
story; tale; talk; discussion
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
a particular; a certain; that kind of; such a
honorific/polite/humble prefix
samurai; warrior; military family
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)