indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
heroine; female protagonist; heroine; heroic woman; brave woman
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
free; unrestricted; (with) complete mastery; completely in control
actor with excellent acting abilities (as opposed to just good looks); actor of real skill
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
since; for the past ... (e.g. ten years); this person; this gentleman
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go out to meet; to receive; to call for; to summon; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to take (e.g. a wife)
strange; odd; peculiar; queer; curious
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
friendship; fellowship; camaraderie
story; tale; legend; plot; storyline
to colour; to color; to apply make-up; to decorate; to garnish
last; final; end; conclusion; rust
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
hey!; wait a minute!; whoa!; boohoo; waaaa
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
freezing; turning into ice; freezing; locking up; freezing (in one's tracks); frieze (part of an entablature between the architrave and the cornice)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
leader; leaders; dotted line; reader (textbook); reader (i.e. a person who reads); microreader
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such; like that; that sort of
star (usu. excluding the Sun); planet (usu. excluding Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); asterisk; star (actor, player, etc.); dot; spot
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing