indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
tuft (of hair, threads, etc.); fringe; bunch (of grapes, bananas, etc.); cluster (of flowers); segment (of a tangerine, etc.); section
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to come together; to join; to get married; to become a married couple
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
to bring someone happiness; to make someone happy
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
disinheritance; disowning
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of