honorific/polite/humble prefix
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
tuft (of hair, threads, etc.); fringe; bunch (of grapes, bananas, etc.); cluster (of flowers); segment (of a tangerine, etc.); section
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
festivities; celebration; wedding; marriage ceremony
as soon as possible; as quickly as possible; speedily; without delay; ASAP
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit