indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
honorific/polite/humble prefix
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mahayana (Buddhism); the Great Vehicle; large passenger vehicle
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be closed; to be blocked; to be clogged; to be plugged up; to be occupied; to be taken (e.g. accommodation)
choking; suffocating; stifling; oppressive; heavy
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to shed tears; to (begin to) cry
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
really; very; extremely; (not) anything; (not) at all; (not) a bit
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
giant butterbur (Petasites japonicus); Japanese sweet coltsfoot
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
thin (of an object); pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.)
sumi; India ink; squid ink; octopus ink; carpenter's inking string
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
to stand (something) up; to put upright; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to let out; to raise (a cloud of dust, smoke, etc.)
chaps (in the skin); cracks
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all