look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
call; visit; inquiry; enquiry; question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to leak out (a secret); to be exposed (a lie, improper behaviour, etc.); to be found out; to get away (of fish)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nakedness; nudity; bareness; nakedness; being penniless; concealing nothing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; still; as before; even so; either way
to put on; to wear; to be clad in; to twine around; to twist around; to coil around
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to grow cold (from room temperature, e.g. in refrigerator); to get chilly; to cool down
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
not a chance; not likely; oh no; yuck; fault; defect
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
thump-thump; bang-bang; pit-a-pat; to beat fast (of one's heart); to throb; to pound
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to begin some form of lifestyle
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband); older stepbrother
to disagree; to dispute; to fight (over)