indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to present; to do (for someone)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out; to be away from (e.g. one's house); to leave (temporarily); to dawn
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time; it's been a long time; long time no see
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
promotion; raising of status
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
skylark (Alauda arvensis)
since; for the past ... (e.g. ten years); this person; this gentleman
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood
future; (future) prospects; bringing (from abroad, another region, etc.); bringing about; giving rise to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
tedious; boring; being fed up with
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
to be involved (in); to get involved (in); to relate to (a matter); to pertain to; to (seriously) affect; to concern
please (give me); please (do for me)
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise