medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
Chinese "star" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); Singapore
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
to protect (someone); to look after (e.g. an injured leg); to defend; to cover for; to stand up for; to stick up for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
adds force or indicates command
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
cowardly; craven; unfair; mean; sneaky
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation