field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
grandfather; male senior-citizen
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
numeral; digit; figure; number; a few characters
to jump; to leap; to splash (of oil, mud, etc.); to spatter; to burst; to crack open
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
acting as agent; acting on (someone's) behalf; executing business for
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
honorific/polite/humble prefix
name; given name; first name
man; male; masculine gender
such; like that; that sort of
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)