indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
to say; to tell; to state; to do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to be crushed; to be squashed; to go bankrupt; to go under; to be ruined (of a plan); to be cancelled; to be lost (of one's voice, eyesight, sense of smell, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
funny; amusing; strange; odd; wrong; unsuitable
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
suffix for familiar person
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to hide; to conceal oneself; to disappear (behind); to be hidden (by); to live in seclusion; to retire (from the world)
presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
company employee; member of a corporation; company stockholder (esp. in legal contexts)
about; concerning; related to; -ish
all; everything; entirety; absolutely (not); (not) at all; (none) whatsoever
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
planning; plan; project; arrangements
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(being in) the red; deficit; red letter; red writing; corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of