indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unreasonable; irrational; outrageous; absurd
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
escape; flight; running away; elopement; fleeing
the end; the extremity; the limit; the limits; the result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to drift (to); to be washed ashore
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
stamp (postage); merchandise certificate
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
deep red; crimson; rouge; lipstick
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial