leading a meeting; presiding over a meeting; officiating at a ceremony; chairman; presenter; host
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
both; both sides; both parties
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
guarantee; security; assurance; pledge; warranty
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?