indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow (handling, dealing with something); anyhow; one way or another
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
essential; important; crucial; vital; main
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
else; in addition; besides
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
business; things to do; engagement; errand; affairs
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
only; merely; just; at most; no more than
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
expressly; especially; specially; intentionally; deliberately; on purpose
aid; assistance; help; cheering; rooting (for); support
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
bottom part of the upper cross-beam of a torii
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more