what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cause and effect; causality; karma; fate; unfortunate; unlucky
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
heavenly god; heavenly gods; spirit of Sugawara no Michizane; Tenmangu shrine (dedicated to Michizane's spirit); pit of a dried plum; dried plum; tenjin hairstyle
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to burn; to be roasted; to be heated; to be jealous; to be envious
darn it!; darn!; oops!; oh dear!; oh no!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
twelfth month (esp. of the lunar calendar); December
nineteenth day of the month; nineteen days; (arch.) fool; (arch.) simpleton
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sponsors of rikishi or their stables
muscle; tendon; vein; artery; fiber; fibre; line
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
whole area; whole region; stretch (of land); tract; belt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lick (all) up; to lick all over; to lick clean; to engulf (in flames); to consume (of fire); to sweep through
while; during (the time when)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
spread-out sail; full sail; (sailing) downwind
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
state; condition; circumstances; sight; spectacle
honorific/polite/humble prefix
measuring container; measure; box (seating at a theatre, etc.); square on a grid; cell of a grid; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar)
chicken meat; reddish-brown chicken
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound