what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
cause and effect; causality; karma; fate; unfortunate; unlucky
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
heavenly god; heavenly gods; spirit of Sugawara no Michizane; Tenmangu shrine (dedicated to Michizane's spirit); pit of a dried plum; dried plum; tenjin hairstyle
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to burn; to burn down; to be roasted; to be thoroughly cooked; to be sunburnt; to fade (in the sun); to glow red (i.e. of the sky at sunset)
darn it!; darn!; oops!; oh dear!; oh no!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
twelfth month (esp. of the lunar calendar); December
19th day of the month; 19 days; (arch.) fool; (arch.) simpleton
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
whole area; whole region; stretch (of land); tract; belt
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lick (all) up; to lick all over; to lick clean; to engulf (in flames); to consume (of fire); to sweep through
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
spread-out sail; full sail; (sailing) downwind
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
state; condition; circumstances; sight; spectacle
honorific/polite/humble prefix
measuring container; measuring box; box (seating at a theatre, etc.); square on a grid; cell of a grid; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar)
clapping one's hands in prayer (at a shrine)
cry (e.g. of a baby); sob; whine; tearful voice; weepy voice
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
alright; of no concern; unproblematic; okay; fine
dirt; filth; stain; blot; spot