oh; ho; exclamation of surprise, admiration, etc.; hoo (owl call); toot (sound of a flute)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
look!; there!; here!; that is
(one's) favourite food; (one's) favorite food
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to throw; to fling; to hurl; to neglect; to abandon; to leave alone
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
goodbye; farewell; so long
each time; always; often; thank you for your continued patronage
(stone) guardian lion-dogs at Shinto shrine
suffix for familiar person
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase away; to drive away; to drive out
ceremony; rite; ritual; service
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
every month; each month; monthly
merchant; store; shop; merchant house; merchant family
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...