letter (of alphabet); character; writing
complaint; grumbling; objection; phrase; words; expression
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
to complain; to make a complaint
writing; composition; essay; sentence
spell; charm; incantation; magic word
literally; to the letter; literal
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
document; writing; letter; document addressed to someone
school festival; cultural festival; annual open day school event showcasing student talent
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
literature; books (reference); document
tiny amount of money; a penny; one letter; one character; one mon (unit of currency)
library; book collection; paperback book
text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
wording (esp. of written text); classical Chinese literary style; traditional written Chinese
literally; to the letter; literal
small-format paperback book; pocket paperback
undisputed; entirely; perfect
to complain; to lodge a complaint
two characters; two letters; (arch.) garlic chives (Allium tuberosum); (arch.) Chinese chives
literature; the arts; art and literature; liberal arts
writing (an essay, prose, etc.); composition; formal writing with little real meaning
context (of a passage); line of thought; context; environment; circumstances
literary club (e.g. at school); literary section (e.g. newspaper)
humanities, social sciences, and fine arts; liberal arts
straight; as the crow flies
literary style; form of (written) language (e.g. classical, modern)
historical document; archives; old manuscript; pre-Meiji era document addressed to someone in particular
long sentence; long piece of writing (e.g. passage, letter, article, telegram)
first letter of a word; capital letter (at the start of a word or sentence); initials (of one's name)
correspondence; exchange of letters
dial (on timepiece, meter, etc.); letter board (e.g. on typewriter, writing aide for the disabled, etc.); character board
being accomplished in both the literary and military arts; doing well in both school and sports
ancient writing (i.e. Edo-period or older); classical literature; ancient Chinese character (pre-Qin period)
unwritten law; common law; unwritten rule
paltry amount of money; cheapness; worthlessness; three one-mon coins
chat-up line; pick-up line; (loving) words
English writing; English sentence; English text; English literature; English lit
scholar of literature; literary person; man of letters; writer
food culture; dietary culture; cuisine
four characters; four letters
ancient civilization; ancient civilisation
to complain; to make a complaint
department (faculty) of literature
horizontal script (esp. of a European language); European writing; Roman letters; European language; Western language
inscription; epitaph; epigraph
emoji; pictorial symbol; pictograph; ASCII art
uppercase letter; capital letter; large character; large writing; the (kanji) character "dai" meaning "big"; huge character "dai" formed by fires lit on the side of a mountain in Kyoto on August 16 each year
official document; archives
whole passage; full text; whole sentence; full paragraph
person of culture; cultured person
literary world; literary circles
cultural assets; cultural property
literary and military arts; the pen and the sword
civilized person; civilized people
clincher; pick-up line; honeyed phrase; telling phrase; phrase that brings someone around, esp. in personal relationships
number of characters; number of letters; word count
additional order; adding to an existing order
Chinese classical writing; Chinese classics; writing composed entirely of kanji
cliche; platitude; formula; set phrase
Japanese-style writing desk
man of letters; literary man
order (for an item); request; demand; condition
modern convenience; convenience of civilized life; blessings of civilization
written apology; written statement of regret
preface; foreword; introduction
person of letters; literary person
dubious document; anonymous document containing defamatory statements
ancient script; ancient character; ancient alphabet
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (1871-2001)
modern Japanese; current written style
scriptural text; scriptures; sutras
text; provisions (act, treaty)
blameless; above reproach; beyond reproach; faultless; perfect
different culture; foreign culture
fixed phrase; canned phrase; standard wording; template; boilerplate
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; MEXT
demanding; difficult; strict
to complain; to lodge a complaint
pure literature; belles-lettres
stipulation; stating clearly; documenting in writing; stating explicitly
written description of one's thoughts
emoticon; smiley; kaomoji
sales pitch; sales lure; catchphrase
example sentence; illustrative sentence; model sentence
sentence structure; grammatical construction
in the sentence; in the text; Bunchū era (of the Southern Court) (1372.4.?-1375.5.27)
Jōmon period (ca. 14000-1000 BCE)
five characters; five letters; five-syllable verse of a waka, haiku, renga, etc.; first five syllables of a waka, haiku, renga, etc.
civilized society; civilised society
descriptive (narrative) part
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
short sentence; short piece of writing (e.g. passage, article, composition)
sales message; sales copy
stationery shop; a stationer
corruption (of text, e.g. in email, due to improper encoding); garbling; illegal character; corrupted text; garbled text
mon; one-thousandth of a kan (unit of currency 1336-1870); 2.4 cm (traditional unit used to measure shoe sizes); letter; character; scripture
important cultural property; important cultural asset
letter affixed to an arrow
civilization and enlightenment; Japan's Westernization movement during the Meiji era (Westernisation)
classified document; confidential document
box for letters and papers; box used to carry or deliver letters
demanding; difficult; strict
same text; same wording; same script; same language
hieroglyph; hieroglyphic character
Bunkyū era (1861.2.19-1864.2.20)
straw-rope pattern pressed into earthenware; Jōmon period (ca. 14000-1000 BCE)
Java sparrow; Java rice finch (Lonchura oryzivora, Padda oryzivora)
famous literary composition
literary art; literary activity; writing
very small amount of money; penny; cent; nickel; dime
civilized nation; civilised nation
poetry and prose; literature; literary works
threatening letter; intimidating letter
humanities; liberal arts; social science; literary course; department of literature
educational policies or administration; Bunsei era (1818.4.22-1830.12.10)
literary history; history of literature
written order; order form
(the products of) culture or civilization (civilisation)
scented insert (to enclose with a letter); perfumed insert
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; MEXT
short essay; pamphlet; tract
address to the gods; type of song which spread from mountain hermits to the laity during the Kamakura era
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
the literary world; literary circles
research thesis; treatise
young literary enthusiast
box for holding papers or stationery
ornamental writing (esp. initial letters); decorative lettering; fancy script
the above sentence; the foregoing remark; preamble (to a statute, constitution, etc.); opening part of a letter (used for season's greetings, asking after someone's health, etc.)
lowercase letter; small letter
translated sentence; translated passage; translation; version; rendering
stationery store; stationery shop; stationer's
Japanese puppet theatre (theater); bunraku
seventh month of the lunar calendar
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (1871-2001)
character information; character data; textual data
cultural exchange; cross-cultural communication; contacts between different cultures
Kanbun era (1661.4.25-1673.9.21)
the text; the main clause; the main part of a document
written appeal; manifesto; declaration
English(-language) literature; British literature
modern civilization; modern civilisation
technical civilization; technical civilisation
Manjushri; Manjusri; Bodhisattva that represents transcendent wisdom
one (written) character; (arch.) Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum)
writer; author; literary person; one who lives from writing
literature; the arts; art and literature; liberal arts
four-character compound word (usu. idiomatic)
humanity; civilization; civilisation; culture
woman's handwriting; hiragana
civil administration; Bunji era (1185.8.14-1190.4.11)
humanities and sciences; social sciences and hard sciences; context; (line of) reasoning
(in) the shape of the character hachi (eight)
three heads are better than two; (lit.) if three people gather; the wisdom of Manjushri
phrase; clause; basic linguistic unit in Japanese grammar
(Japanese) Agency for Cultural Affairs
character written by brush; brush-stroke character
temper pattern of a sword blade
poor piece of writing; my poor writing
Manjushri; Manjusri; Bodhisattva that represents transcendent wisdom
catchphrase; promotional line; slogan
illiteracy; illiterate person; an illiterate
Western civilization; Western civilisation
travel writing; travel piece; traveller's journal; traveler's journal
blameless; above reproach; beyond reproach; faultless; perfect
imperative sentence; imperative statement
semi-European-style house; type of Japanese house incorporating Western elements that was made popular in the 1920s and 1930s
judgment paper; judgement paper
handwritten letter; handwritten character
department of English literature
Bachelor of Arts; BA; B.A.
written letters; handwriting
sic; sic erat scriptum; the quoted matter has been transcribed exactly as found in the source text
mass culture; pop culture; popular culture; culture of the people (as opposed to the elite)
hieroglyph; hieroglyphics
written language; literary language; classical (or formal) written style based on Heian-period Japanese
material civilization; material civilisation
the early bird gets the worm
very small amount of money; penny; cent; nickel; dime
religious oath in writing; written vow to the gods
Bunroku era (1592.12.8-1596.10.27)
moral culture; spiritual culture; culture born through the workings of the human mind (science, religion, philosophy, religion, art, etc.)
doctoral dissertation; doctoral thesis
literary criticism or theory
undisputed; entirely; perfect
Bunten exhibition; art exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Education (antecedent of the Nitten exhibition)
Japanese text; sentence in Japanese
Lindera triloba (species of spicebush)
figure; design; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design; plot; minor market fluctuation
written prayer for a shrine or Buddhist temple
Nobel Prize in Literature
treatise; monograph; study; paper (scientific, technical)
civilized world; civilised world
plain text; unciphered text
Lindera umbellata (species of spicebush); toothpick; natural wooden chopsticks (tea ceremony); black characters; black text
cliche; platitude; formula; set phrase
literary criticism; book review
official document; archives
order-taking; salesperson
greeting phrase (in letter, etc.); salutation
contemporary literature; modern literature
literary profession; writing
collected papers; collected works; collection of articles and essays
modern civilization; modern world
ideogram; ideograph; ideographic script
the Japanese syllabary symbols
humanities; social sciences; liberal arts
one (written) character; (arch.) Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum)
circular (document); circulating letter; palindrome
diplomatic papers or documents
Cyrillic alphabet; Cyrillic character
Genbun era (1736.4.28-1741.2.27)
English letter; alphabetic character
astronomical figure; astronomical number
Minister of Education, Science and Culture
(enervating) attraction to books or learning
Order of Culture; Order of Cultural Merit
(China's) Cultural Revolution (1966-76)
Culture Day (national holiday; November 3)
the early bird gets the worm
Greek character; Greek characters
Japanese writing; Japanese text
text entry; character entry
ignorant and illiterate; uneducated and illiterate; uneducated and illiterate person
special order; custom order; bespoke (goods)
start of a sentence, phrase, etc.
Mesopotamian civilization (civilisation)
explicit statement (e.g. law); express provision
password; secret spell; secret phrase
straw rope-patterned ancient Japanese pottery
unification of the written and spoken forms of a language
Manjusri (Bodhisattva); Monju; Monjushuri; Wenshu
tattoo (esp. a traditional Japanese one); tattooing
all the officials, both military and civil
crest of the Sanada clan (featuring six sen coins, trad. to pay for crossing the Sanzu River)
writing in a European language; European text; Roman letters
civilian control (of the military)
department of Japanese literature
tape transcription; transcribing from recorded tape; audio-typing
phonetic symbol; phonogram; phonetic script
confidential document; confidential paper; classified document
fingerspelling (in sign language for the deaf); finger alphabet
literary (and the arts) column
arranging a group of people so as to form a character or spell out a message
responsibility for wording of an article
a sentence; one sentence; (short) piece of writing
cultural facilities (art galleries, tea rooms, etc.)
main text (as opposed to any included commentary or annotations); authentic text (e.g. of a treaty, as opposed to any translation not specified as authentic); Chinese classical literature
public records office; archives
study; scholarship; learning; discipline; branch of learning; (a) science
Bun'ei era (1264.2.28-1275.4.25)
letter of responsibility (for a crime)
tangible cultural properties
Chinese classical literature; Chinese classics
ornate initial; capital letters; flowers planted to form characters
Egyptian civilization (civilisation)
country with a high level of culture
ready-made seal; cheap seal
(love) letter tossed into a home
(skilled) writer; essayist
civil and military officers
witty (happy, apt) remark; well-worded saying; epigram; aphorism
pattern; design; distinction
epistolary style (of Japanese literature)
Buddhist revelation through intuitive discernment; Spiritual awakening cannot be experienced with words and letters; Spiritual enlightenment can be attained only by means of communion of mind with mind (Zen Buddhism)
sic; sic erat scriptum; the quoted matter has been transcribed exactly as found in the source text
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
literary style; classical style
many cultures; multicultural
French; French writing; French literature
astronomical phenomenon; celestial event
cultural science (Rickert's "Kulturwissenschaft")
character encoding (e.g. JIS, Unicode, etc.); character code
department of French literature
study or science of literature; a liberal arts department
lost work; lost writings; partially lost work; literary fragment; work of a superior quality
culture; arts and sciences
translation; piece of translated writing; translated sentence
unwritten; illiterate; uneducated; poor writing
writers and artists; persons who take delight in such refined pursuits as poetry, literature, painting and calligraphy
method of ordering; procedures for ordering
Tenbun era (1532.7.29-1555.10.23)
compound sentence; sentenced formed of two independent clauses; important cultural property; important cultural asset
first Japanese invasion of Korea (1592-93)
attached document; attachment; insert; package insert (medical)
Ministry of Culture (e.g. in China)
box for letters and papers; box used to carry or deliver letters
Western civilization; Western civilisation
intangible cultural heritage
drawn lettering; sound effects lettering
physiography; physiographical features
colloquial writing; text written in a spoken form of the language
type picking; anthology; selection of literary works
written expression; writing
lettering on the spine of a book
circular (document); circulating letter; palindrome
British and American literature
written law; statutory law
written report to the gods; imperial edict; written appeal to a superior
bunbuku chagama (a mythical raccoon dog transformed into a teapot)
literature written in diary form
Bunna era (of the Northern Court) (1352.9.27-1356.3.28); Bunwa era
unpatterned (e.g. clothes, pottery); unfigured; plain
style of Southern Chinese painting
writing characters in the air with one's behind (by moving one's hips)
Greek character; Greek characters
Bun'an era (1444.2.5-1449.7.28); Bunnan era
methods of writing; rules of good writing; writing style guide
school of popular writing
Hebrew alphabet; Hebrew letter
very small amount of money; penny; cent; nickel; dime
important intangible cultural asset
this thesis; this article; the article under consideration
ancient Japanese characters (regarded today as created at a much more recent date)
gold letters; letters written in gold paint
English-Japanese translation
story (verbal) problem; problem expressed in words
Indus (valley) civilization (civilisation)
civilized world; civilised world
Aztec civilization (civilisation)
cultural progress; advance of the arts
intangible cultural asset
unpunctuated Chinese texts
inscription; epitaph; composing the text for an inscription, usu. an epitaph
afterword; epilogue; postscript
writing system using unconventional characters and symbols, esp. used by young women in texting
Chinese language (written); Chinese literature
women's writing; literature written by women
Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (1950)
Yellow River civilization; Huang civilization; cradle of Chinese civilization
the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India and Egypt as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)
to make a false accusation
poor writing; bad writing; rambling prose
custom-built home; built-to-order house
hieroglyph; hieroglyphics
Cultural Affairs Department
Phoenician alphabet; Phoenician character
word used mainly in writing; literary language
pomelo (Citrus maxima); shaddock
Chinese bronze inscriptions; type of lettering used on metal objects, especially in China during the Yin and Zhou dynasties
hieratic (ancient Egyptian script)
block of multiple characters arranged in a space equivalent to that of a single character
beautifully written (Chinese) character
Kulturkampf (church-state conflict in Prussia; 1872-1887)
entry kanji in a kanji dictionary; capital letter; matrix (printing); kanji corresponding to furigana
authentic text (as opposed to a copy or duplicate)
edict from a senior official in government or military which had the status of a binding official document
phrases, etc. at the ends of letters, etc.
heavy double-handled pot used for making rice
flavor of literary style; flavour of literary style
silver-gilt letters; silvery letters
monme; Edo period silver coin worth between 1/50th-1/80th of a ryō
made-to-order production; job order production; production to order
organizational culture; culture of an organization
Western word or sentence; word created by translating components of a Western word
interpreting an English text
woman's loincloth (worn as a kimono underskirt); single-layer absorbent bathrobe (worn during or after a bath)
flat sedge hat; bamboo hat
man's handwriting; kanji; Chinese characters
multibyte character; multibyte encoding; variable-width encoding
Latin alphabet; Latin character
personal meeting (esp. used by females)
Bunki era (1501.2.29-1504.2.30)
straw-rope pattern pottery; Jomon ware
Japanese-English translation
museum of modern literature
important intangible folk culture asset
the style is the man; the style is the man himself
written language; literary language
following sentence; succeeding sentence
cultural museum; museum of culture
wooden spoon; ladle; rice scoop
prose with a poetic haiku flavor (flavour)
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
love story; erotic literature
Bunshō era (1466.2.28-1467.3.5)
damaging article published by the Shūkan Bunshun weekly
oral literature; folklore
person who has made outstanding cultural contributions
paleography; the study of ancient writings
Enbun era (of the Northern Court) (1356.3.28-1361.3.29)
history of Japanese literature
indecent writings; pornography
variant (in a manuscript or book); part of a text that differs from other versions
Aegean civilization (civilisation)
stone monument bearing an inscription (esp. memorial for future generations); stele; stela
dead letter; meaningless writing
cross-cultural; intercultural
written contribution; submission (to a newspaper, online forum, etc.)
epistolary style; style of written correspondence
East Asian evergreen forest culture (theory)
Russian alphabet; Russian characters
female writer; woman writer
negative question; question asked in the negative (e.g. "Can't you read Japanese?")
collection of essays contributed in celebration of something; festschrift
method of writing; syntax
(my) poor writing; scribbling; hasty writing
cliche; platitude; formula; set phrase
to distort; to parody; to make a pun
text written in literary style
personal letter; epistolary style
blameless; above reproach; beyond reproach; faultless; perfect
Japanese typewriter; typewriter that can type using Japanese characters
algebraic equation; polynomial; character expression; literal expression
pocket paperback size (approx. A6)
spell; charm; incantation; magic word
four-letter word (esp. in English)
early-modern literature; Edo-period literature (1600-1867)
half-width character; single-byte character (ASCII, single-byte kana from JIS 201, etc.)
concrete syntax (of SGML)
governing by law and reason rather than by military force
annotation; explanatory note
Egyptian script (i.e. hieroglyphs, hieratic, and demotic)
mixed writing of literary Japanese and Chinese
German literature; German sentence
Charter Oath (of the Meiji Emperor); Five-Point Imperial Covenant; Imperial Oath of Five Articles
writing composed entirely of kana; kana text; letter composed entirely of kana
kana literature; works written in kana in the Heian period
end of a sentence; sentence final
(piece of) writing in colloquial style; vulgar writing
text decoration (e.g. character and font effects, underline, etc.)
writing into law; codification; enacting
chat-up line; pick-up line; (loving) words
culture of the printed word; book culture
merchant class culture that flourished in Edo during the Bunka-Bunsei period
Imjin War (1592-1597); Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea
complex sentence; sentence with an independent clause and at least one dependent clause
order to buy or sell; buy-sell order
speckles; spotted pattern
idle words (in a written passage); useless words; empty words
Bunpō era (1317.2.3-1319.4.28)
visual culture; culture of visual images; (screen) image culture
joint communique; joint statement
shorthand symbol; stenograph; stenographic character; shorthand script
participial construction; participle construction
transcription of Chinese classics into Japanese
length of a character string
miscellanist; miscellaneous writer
kumon; official documents submitted to the central government (ritsuryo system)
clever use of words to advance an argument; tricky manipulation of law
international cultural exchange
three heads are better than two; (lit.) if three people gather; the wisdom of Manjushri
horizontal (Western) writing
the four great civilizations of the world (China, Babylon, India, and Egypt; as put forward by Chinese scholar Liang Qichao in 1900)
Montoku Jitsuroku (fifth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; UNESCO
this academic subject or field of study; Confucian studies
personal meeting (esp. used by females)
platform-dependent character
the pleasures of literature
oral literature; folk literature
emphatic (sentence) construction
kanji cultural sphere; countries where Chinese characters are used or were historically used
radio astronomy observatory
respect for literary culture
cross-cultural; comparative culture
Japanese literature; Japanese writing; Japanese text
red letter style; cutesy fashion style named after fashion magazines featuring it (whose cover titles are printed in red or pink)
oral literature; folk literature
ghost character (apocryphal JIS kanji); phantom character
(the so-called) kanji culture
faculty of law and literature
mixed writing of literary Japanese and Chinese
Sanskrit writing; Sanskrit text; Sanskrit scripture; scripture in Sanskrit characters
civil official (esp. dealing with literary matters)
creating patterns in human flesh through scarification
the foregoing; the forgoing
(China's) Cultural Revolution (1966-76)
word created by retaining the first syllable (or two) of a word and suffixing it with the word "moji"
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
erotic or pornographic literature (Edo period)
random jottings; rambling essays
essay-type test; essay-based examination
Diet members with a special interest in education
input sentence; input statement
legendary literature; narrative literature
epistolary style; epistolary phrase
literary revolution (of China; post-1917 emphasis on vernacular forms)
single kanji that is read twice (with different pronunciations) in the Japanese reading of Chinese texts
transcription of Chinese classics into Japanese
block of multiple characters arranged in a space equivalent to that of a single character
Japanese grammar (esp. traditional)
twisting of the truth in one's writing; playing with text to distort the truth
to not try to fix an error but rather make it look good on the surface only
transformational generative grammar
colloquial grammar; grammar of modern spoken and written Japanese
anthology; literary world; collection of literary masterpieces
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
linear script (e.g. Linear A, Linear B)
Heian-period kana writing
fountainhead of culture; Ministry of Education
same race and same script
eight-legged essay (classical Chinese style of essay writing)
the five sentence structures (SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOC)
four-letter word (vulgar English term, e.g. fuck)
sic; sic erat scriptum; the quoted matter has been transcribed exactly as found in the source text
same race and same language
Japanese containing expressions literally translated from European languages
demotic (ancient Egyptian script)
history of civilization; history of civilisation
force of a literary style
Saxifraga fortunei var. alpina (species of rockfoil flower)
addendum (to a treaty or contract); annex; annexure; subordinate clause
hairpiece; false hair; switch; (arch.) hair
the early bird catches the worm
compound ideograph (one of the six kanji classifications); kanji made up of meaningful parts (e.g. "mountain pass" is up + down + mountain)
group paragraph conversion
study of historical documents; diplomatics; diplomatic; paleography; palaeography
full-width character; regular character in the JIS, Unicode, etc. standards
(Edo-period) humorous literature
fundamental culture (concept proposed by German folklorist Hans Naumann); deep culture
machine-dependent character; platform-dependent character
reading classical Chinese aloud without trying to understand the meaning; reading a kanji compound using the Japanese pronunciation of each of its characters
pomelo (Citrus maxima); shaddock
Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize
Bunka-Bunsei period (approx. 1804-1830 CE)
Bunten exhibition; annual art exhibition sponsored by the Ministry of Education (antecedent of the Nitten exhibition)
Palaeolithic culture; Paleolithic culture
warning message; warning label
epigraph on a stone monument; ancient inscriptions on monuments
(historical) government office
pre-literate society; non-literate society
circular (document); circulating letter
patterned (e.g. clothes, pottery); figured
Bun'ō era (1260.4.13-1261.2.20)
Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku (fifth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
in calligraphy, the four important tools of brush, ink stone, ink stick, and paper
reading a classical Chinese text in Japanese
pornographic literature; sensual literature; erotic literature
(family) crest; coat of arms; pattern; figure
common orient clam (Meretrix lusoria)
preface; foreword; introduction
scriptural text; scriptures; sutras
muni (Indian ascetic or sage); Buddha
sic; sic erat scriptum; the quoted matter has been transcribed exactly as found in the source text
sic; sic erat scriptum; the quoted matter has been transcribed exactly as found in the source text
dictionary of Chinese characters; kanji dictionary
sic; sic erat scriptum; the quoted matter has been transcribed exactly as found in the source text
lost work; lost writings; partially lost work; literary fragment; work of a superior quality
picture formed from letters; painting representing reeds around water with rocks, grass or birds made using characters (Heian period)
pomelo (Citrus maxima); shaddock
indecent writings; pornography
letter dropped in the road; Japanese insect
annotation; explanatory note
Imjin War (1592-1597); Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea
word created by retaining the first syllable (or two) of a word and suffixing it with the word "moji"
consonant (in the Siddham script)
Russian text; text written in Russian; Russian literature; Russian literature faculty
reply letter; retranslation (into the original language)
(a) penny store; business on a small scale
lettering of an engraving
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
mixed writing (kanji and kana)
missing part (of manuscript)
Japanese shubunkin goldfish variety
commercial correspondence
unwritten law; common law
refined; handsome and solid in character
uncodified constitution; unwritten constitution
(inadvertent) redundancy in a text
market order; order without limit
market order; order without limit
market order; order without limit
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
being versed in the literary and military arts
colorful pattern; colourful pattern
elucidation of a difficult passage
functional unification grammar; FUG
phrase structure grammar; PSG
lexical-functional grammar; LFG
head-driven phrase structure grammar; HPSG
easily misunderstood sentence; garden-path sentence; (lit.) cul-de-sac sentence
coded character set; code
character encoding scheme
semasio-phonetic character (combining semantic and phonetic components)
Minister for Culture and Tourism
writing style used to write the rankings
humorous erotic literature
bout that goes according to a wrestler's strategy; match that goes according to one's plan
well up in both literary and military (martial) arts; well skilled in wielding both the sword and the pen
bizarre literature; literature of the bizarre
stone inscription; epigraphy
Timor dusky sparrow (Lonchura fuscata, Padda fuscata)
doctoral degree (e.g. PhD) by thesis only
Bunryaku era (1234.11.5-1235.9.19)
bronze-vessel and bell inscriptions
ordinary woman secretly engaged in prostitution (Edo period)
(Sun Yat-sen's) Three Principles of the People
Japanese text; sentence in Japanese
tao-tie engraving; figure of a creature of Chinese mythology engraved on bronze ware during the Yin-Chou dynasty
exclamatory sentence; exclamation
exclamatory sentence; exclamation
lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)
pre-Jomon period (i.e. the preceramic period)
Amarna letters (archive of Egyptian correspondence, recorded on clay tablets)
large seal script (dating from China's Spring and Autumn period onward)
ancient clan record (incl. their origins, their achievements, etc.)
the five basic sentence structures (SV, SVC, SVO, SVOO, SVOC)
sentential negation; sentence negation; statement negation
school grammar; system of Japanese grammar used in Japanese schools and dictionaries
stroke character generator
field-separator character
block check character; BCC
quoted (character) string
upper-case letters; upper-case alphabetics
Open Document Architecture; ODA
function character identification parameter
reference concrete syntax
record boundary character
concrete syntax parameter
empty string; null string
type declaration statement
deterministic context-free grammar
result document type (of a link)
source document type (of a link)
optical character reader; OCR
optical character reader; OCR
optical character recognition; OCR
optical character recognition; OCR
public text designating sequence
public text display version
syntax-reference character set
Universal Character Set; UCS
Magnetic Ink Character Reader; Magnetic Ink Character Recognition; MICR
Magnetic Ink Character Reader; Magnetic Ink Character Recognition; MICR
Magnetic Ink Character Reader; Magnetic Ink Character Recognition; MICR
magnetic ink character recognition; MICR
Magnetic Character Reader; MCR
procedure branching statement
significant SGML character
format effector; layout character
numeric character reference
stroke character generator
device-dependent version of public text
multicode core concrete syntax
multicode basic concrete syntax
multicode concrete syntax
replaceable character data
definitional character entity set
transmission control character
specific character data entity
delimited scope statement
display character entity set
partial (character) string; substring
character display (device); character-imaging device
character-coded-data-element; CC data element
character expansion factor
document class description
document application profile
document type specification
document type declaration
document type declaration subset
document type definition; DTD
text processing application
document architecture; document body
document architecture class
document architecture level
grammar error; syntax error
context-sensitive grammar
contextually optional token
contextually optional element
contextually required token
contextually required element
compiler directing statement
imperative statement; unconditional statement
named character reference
defined assignment statement
codified constitution; written constitution
culture of a higher order (as opposed to fundamental culture)
closing recital that transfers the merit of the service to a buddha, a bodhisattva, or the dead
compound-complex sentence
the word impossible is not in my dictionary
the word impossible is not in my dictionary
Specialist in Humanities (Japanese visa category)
Specialist in Humanities (Japanese visa category)
knotted cords used to record figures, facts, etc.; quipu
grammar of the classical literature; classical grammar
Etruscan character; Etruscan alphabet
Dongba script (used by the Naxi People in southern China); Tomba script; Tompa script
writing (poetry); composing
love letter; letter proposing marriage
variant characters (usu. kanji or kana)
language used when writing letters
Edo period office in charge of compiling the koyomi, astronomical measurements, surveying, translating Western books, etc.
inscription of a fantastic birdlike creature found on Yin and Zhou dynasty bronze ware, etc.
inscription of a fantastic birdlike creature found on Yin and Zhou dynasty bronze ware, etc.
(ritsuryo system) teacher responsible for training in astronomy, astrology, calendar-making, etc.
textbook approved by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; government-approved textbook
textbook approved by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; government-approved textbook
kanbun converted into literary Japanese
kanbun converted into literary Japanese
colloquial language style; everyday language style
normal style of writing; modern Japanese text; text written in literary style with mixed kanji and kana (until the Taisho era)
dictionary of kanbun grammar and usage
literary style from the Heian era onwards, often mainly in kana and written by women
regular kanbun (following the rules of classical Chinese grammar)
post-Jōmon period (mainly Hokkaido; 3rd to 7th century BC); epi-Jōmon period
International Phonetic Alphabet; IPA
hiragana character "i"; hiragana character "hi"
cross-wise writing; alphabet usually written horizontally
Chinese characters; kanji
Japanese syllabary symbols; kana
Cretan script (Cretan hieroglyphs, Linear A, Linear B)
quipu; khipu; talking knots
Sinai inscriptions; proto-Sinaitic script
triangular pattern of objects
phonetic symbol; phonogram
Japanized version of classical Chinese (used from Heian period onward)
ancient seal-script character
mirror writing; mirrored script
searching with natural language; natural sentence search
letters from exiled Europeans in Jakarta to their Japanese wives and half-Japanese children (during the Edo period)
word form used in literary language
optical character recognition; OCR
hidden character; non-printable character
Japanese typewriter; typewriter that can type using Japanese characters
confidential report to the ruler of the country of astronomical events and their astrological interpretation
archaeoastronomy; archeoastronomy
archaeoastronomy; archeoastronomy
blue letter style; comparatively mature fashion style named after fashion magazines featuring it (whose cover titles are printed in blue)
New Culture Movement (revolutionary movement in China, 1917-1921)
autobiography; autobiographical literature
scholarship and swordsmanship are one and the same; the literary and the military are the same path
the four great Japanese grammar texts (Yamada, Matsushita, Hashimoto and Tokieda)
words betray one's character
ideological literature (esp. left-wing)
hangul (Korean script); (arch.) proverb
double-size character; character with a doubled width and/or height
the pen is mightier than the sword
Western typewriter; typewriter using Roman letters
shippō pattern (of overlapping circles)
Asahi characters; simplified kanji formerly used by the Asahi Shimbun newspaper
featural script (e.g. hangul); featural writing system
writing entirely in kanji
writing entirely in kanji
Tanaka memorial (document, ca. 1927)
I want to send a (love) letter but I cannot write
I want to send a (love) letter but I cannot write
funeral eulogy; memorial address
Longshan culture (China, 3000-1900 BCE); Lung-shan culture; Black Pottery culture
Kaida glyphs; pictograms formerly used in the Yaeyama Islands
Kaida glyphs; pictograms formerly used in the Yaeyama Islands
Kumon method (of learning)
confusing piece of writing; incomprehensible sentence
bunkafu; tablature notation system used for shamisen music
kanji "literature" radical (radical 67)
lesser cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus)
Oxytropis megalantha (species of locoweed)
Polystichum tripteron (species of the wood fern family)