period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
representation; representative; exemplification; typification; leader; switchboard number
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
instead; but (on the other hand)
present age; present day; contemporary; modern era; modern times; contemporary era
change; alternation; rotation; replacement; substitution; shift
article; goods; fine thing; fellow; (arch.) prostitute; (arch.) price
ancient times; distant past; antiquity
compensation; reparation; price (of achieving a goal); cost; paying compensation on someone's behalf; compensation
representation; agency; proxy; proxy; agent; representative
previous generation (of a family); previous head of the family; predecessor; previous age; previous generation
for generations; from generation to generation; generation after generation; through the ages
price; cost; charge; payment; bill; fee
successive generations; successive emperors
first generation; founder
acting as agent; acting on (someone's) behalf; executing business for
the same generation; coeval
to replace; to convert; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute (person, staff member, player, etc.)
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
representative; exemplary; model
the teens (10-19); teenage; the tenth generation
substitution (for someone else); substitute; stand-in; scapegoat; sacrifice
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
another helping; second helping; seconds; other paw!
unheard-of; unprecedented; unparalleled in history (unparallelled); record-breaking
speaking by proxy; speaking for (someone else); payment by proxy; compensation by proxy; acting for (someone else); carrying out (on someone's behalf)
next generation; future generation
to substitute for; to stand in for; to fill in for
the teens (10-19); teenage; the tenth generation
proxy; agent; substitute; deputy; alternate; representative
local governor (Edo period); local magistrate; bailiff; deputy official (Middle Ages); acting administrator
nth generation; nth (person to occupy a position, e.g. president)
substitution; alternative; substitute
same generation; one's generation
modern times; the modern age; this day and age
thousand years; thousand generations; thousand ages; eternity
generation; lifetime; age
substitute (actor); stand-in; fill-in; understudy; double
taking over (another's debt, work); shouldering someone else's burden; subrogation
charge (for admission, a meal, etc.); fee; price
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
three generations; three periods; third generation
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
pronoun; synonym; classic example; pattern
earnings from a part-time job; part-time job pay
historical play; period drama
the present age; these days; (present) head of the family
old-fashioned; behind the times; out-of-date; antiquated
ancient time; age of the gods; mythological age; time before the ascension of Emperor Jimmu
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
taking over (e.g. store or family's headship); subrogation; substitution of one person for another (usu. a creditor)
second generation; second; junior
price; cost; charge; price (of achieving something); cost; sacrifice
instead; but (on the other hand)
once in a lifetime; the first and last occurrence (event, experience) of one's lifetime
uncommon; rare; extraordinary; matchless
substitution; material; price; margin (e.g. for stapling, etc.); area required for something; (arch.) shiro (unit of land area equal to one-fiftieth of a tan; approx. 19.83 m.sq.)
to take over for (someone); to stand in for; to substitute for; to replace; to take the place of (something)
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
modern person; people of today
with one's life (protect, etc.); at the cost of one's life
pinch-hitting; pinch hitter; performing a duty in place of someone else; proxy
ancestral; hereditary; handed down from generation to generation; for generations; from generation to generation
change of government; regime change
most important work (of a writer, artist, etc.); representative work; masterpiece; magnum opus; major work
accommodation fees; hotel charges; room charges
new era; new period; new age; new epoch
the one before last; two generations, etc. previous
modernization; modernisation
proportional representation
substitute for a proper greeting (e.g. gift)
parliamentarian; member of a congress
in all ages; over the ages; forever and ever
Five Dynasties (of China; 907-979)
all ages to come; all generations; eternity
writing on someone's behalf
trend of the times; way things are going
acting as a foster parent; caring for another's child; foster parent
representative director; managing director; president; someone chosen by the board of directors from among the directors to actually represent the company in its dealings with the outside world
overtime pay; overtime money; overtime payment
to be handed down from generation to generation
metabolism; renewal; regeneration; replacing the old with the new
ancient civilization; ancient civilisation
electricity bill; electric bill
alternation of generations; heterogenesis; change of generations; emergence of a new generation
you can't make an omelet without breaking eggs; a small sacrifice may be necessary to solve a more pressing problem
to change places (with); to be replaced (with, by); to be changed; to change (seats, shifts, etc.; with someone); to switch; to exchange
joint representative; joint representation
spokesperson; speaker (for someone); mouthpiece; voice (e.g. for the ordinary citizen)
cost of a meal (or meals)
object representative of a divine spirit; object to which a spirit is drawn or summoned; object or animal occupied by a kami
Kamakura period (1185-1333)
one's youth; one's youthful days (years); the flower of one's youth; the springtime of one's life
sales clerk (in a merchant house, ranking between the head clerk and an apprentice); shopman; shop assistant
deputy leader (of a party, etc.); vice-president
assistant instructor; substitute instructor
substitute; replacement; stand-in; proxy; compensation; exchange
uncommon; rare; extraordinary; matchless
Taishō period (1912-1926); Taisho period
the ancients; ancient people
renewal; replacement; regeneration; metabolism
premodern; old-fashioned; outmoded; antiquated
advertising agency; advertising firm; advertising company
National People's Congress (of the People's Republic of China); NPC
Muromachi period (1336-1573)
substitute article; back-up
acting leader (usu. of a party)
very long period; forever; eight thousand years
drink money; alcohol expenses; tip; gratuity
Jōmon period (ca. 14000-1000 BCE)
ancient script; ancient character; ancient alphabet
contemporary writing; modern text; modern Japanese writing; modern Japanese (as a school subject); literature written since the Meiji period
successive generations; hereditary daimyo whose ancestors supported Tokugawa Ieyasu prior to the battle of Sekigahara
ancient Japanese (as spoken in Japan until the Middle Ages)
substitution (for someone else); substitute; stand-in; scapegoat; sacrifice
to look old-fashioned; to be antique-looking
representative director; spokesperson for a board of directors
National People's Congress (of the People's Republic of China); NPC
(one's) youth; one's younger days
child of the times; modern kid; kids of today; with-it youngster
chamberlain; castle keeper
to supplant; to supersede; to replace; to take the place of
paper, cloth, wood, etc. representation of a sacred object; paper doll used in purification rites
change; alteration; substitute; spare; rate of exchange
working generation; people still working
posterity; future generations
Yayoi period (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE)
previous generation; former ages
substitution; replacement; shifting; change
annals; chronicle; chronology
drink money; drinking money
present-day science; modern science
baby boom generation (of 1947-1949)
Age of Discovery; Age of Exploration
(right of) representation; right to represent (e.g. a company)
magistrate's office (Edo period); territory under a magistrate's jurisdiction
gasoline bill; cost of gasoline
cost of a ticket; price of a ticket
modern language; contemporary language; living language; modern Japanese; Japanese as spoken since the Meiji period or alternatively, since the end of World War II
telephone bill; telephone rate
room for growth; potential; promise
deputy manager; acting manager; acting section chief
answer a roll call for another
transportation expenses; travel expenses; fare (train, taxi, etc.)
Dynastic period (the Nara period and esp. the Heian period, characterized by the rule of the emperor as opposed to shogunate)
in all ages; over the ages; forever and ever
Tokugawa period (i.e. the Edo period, 1603-1867)
compensatory holiday (for working on a day off); time in lieu
Kofun period (of Japanese history, 250-538 CE); Tumulus period
substitute runner; pinch runner; substitute
old-fashioned; antiquated; anachronistic
rice nursery; bed for rice seedlings
antique; historical object; pre-Meiji period drama; period piece
Asuka period (550-710 CE)
one after another; continuously; incessantly; in succession; by turns
gas bill; gasoline bill; petrol bill
modern state; modern nation
one's parents' generation
algebra; number of generations (e.g. in imperial succession)
Imperial reign; Kimigayo (Japanese national anthem)
modern man; modern person; modernist
president and chief executive officer
object representative of a divine spirit; object to which a spirit is drawn or summoned; object or animal occupied by a kami
charge d'affaires of embassy
generation of students educated under the "pressure-free" system (from the late 1970s onward)
feudal era; feudal times; feudal period; feudal age; age of feudalism
modern translation; translation into modern language (of a classical text, e.g. The Tale of Genji)
modern civilization; modern civilisation
the good old days; halcyon days
daimyo's alternating Edo residence; official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo period)
proxy; agent; substitute; deputy; alternate; representative
ancient times (e.g. Heian and Nara periods in Japan); remote ages; early history; (nominal) retail price
Nanbokuchō period (of Japan; 1336-1392); period of the Northern and Southern courts; period of the Northern and Southern dynasties (of China; 5th-6th centuries CE)
modern version; modern edition; updated, contemporary edition
acting shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
another helping; second helping; seconds; other paw!
substitution; alternative; substitute
to take over for (someone); to stand in for; to substitute for; to replace; to take the place of (something)
the modern era; present day
thousands of years; eternity; all generations
deputy manager; assistant manager; acting manager
the n-th generation head of a family
decorative paper with colourful patterns or figures (colorful)
alternating; taking turns
background research; research into the period
alternative means (alternate); alternative method
Paleolithic; Palaeolithic; Old Stone Age
Azuchi-Momoyama period (approx. 1558-1600)
substitute for a proper greeting (e.g. gift)
price of a flower; fee for a geisha's companionship
modern history; modern and current history; recent history; recent contemporary history
brigadier general; commodore
old-fashioned; behind the times; out-of-date; antiquated
life; lifetime; age; era; reign; rule
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
to change places (with); to be replaced (with, by); to be changed; to change (seats, shifts, etc.; with someone); to switch; to exchange
newspaper subscription fee
Ming period (China; 1368-1644); Ming era
Tang period (China; 618-907); Tang era
Shōwa period (1926-1989); Showa period
modern architecture; modernist architecture
age determination; dating
old-fashioned; behind the times; out-of-date; antiquated
hereditary daimyo whose ancestors supported Tokugawa Ieyasu prior to the battle of Sekigahara
dark age; hard times; winter years
meat substitute; meat analogue; fake meat
substitution; replacement; shifting; change
contemporary literature; modern literature
fee paid for space (e.g. for a stall)
bubble era (of Japan; 1986-1991)
modernization; modernisation
execution by proxy; subrogation (of administrative acts)
substitute doctor; locum tenens; locum
Three Kingdoms period (of Chinese history, 220 CE-280 CE); Three Kingdoms period (of Korean history, 57 BCE-668 CE)
modern civilization; modern world
prehistoric era; prehistoric times; prehistory
cost of a lesson learned (e.g. from failing at something); price of a life lesson
visiting a temple for another
contemporary art museum; museum of contemporary art
cost of a car; carfare; honorarium (to cover transportation costs); travel expenses (customarily given by wedding hosts to guests who have travelled from afar)
the babyboomers; the baby boom generation
modern art museum; museum of modern art
deputy who went to the battlefield in his lord's stead (Muromachi period onward); provisional regent (standing in for an underage lord; Muromachi period onward); official left in charge of a jin'ya in a lord's absence; local magistrate
contemporary novel; modern novel
object representative of a divine spirit; object to which a spirit is drawn or summoned; object or animal occupied by a kami
Momoyama period (latter half of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, approx. 1583-1600)
playing a gambling game on behalf of a person or organization (esp. mahjong or pachinko); person who gambles on someone's behalf
premodern times; premodern era
daimyo's alternating Edo residence; official attendance service (by a daimyo in the Edo period)
loaner vehicle (e.g. from a garage which is repairing one's vehicle)
Iwashiro (former province located in the west of present-day Fukushima Prefecture)
Song dynasty (of China; 960-1279); Sung dynasty
glorious reign; enlightened era
proceeds from sale; receipts
substitute; deputy; proxy; representative; agent
you can't make an omelet without breaking eggs; a small sacrifice may be necessary to solve a more pressing problem
fee charged at a public bath
Festival of the Ages (held at Heian Jingu Shrine in Kyoto on October 22); Jidai Festival
contemporary philosophy; modern thought
Ashikaga period (i.e. Muromachi period; 1336-1573)
New Library of Knowledge (series of paperbacks published since 1964 by Kodansha)
substitute device; replacement aircraft
spirit of the age; zeitgeist
one after another; continuously; incessantly; in succession; by turns
hospital costs; hospital bill
Genroku period (1688-1704); Genroku era
Yuan dynasty (of China; 1271-1368); Yüan dynasty; Mongol dynasty
Gempei period (late 11th century-late 12th century CE)
contemporary life; present-day life
for generations; from generation to generation; generation after generation; through the ages
CFC substitute; alternative CFCs; alternative chlorofluorocarbon
notary public; scribe; amanuensis
proportional representation
district acting shugo (in the Muromachi period); deputy military governor (of a district); district magistrate (in the Edo period)
representative office (e.g. diplomatic)
antique; historical object; pre-Meiji period drama; period piece
Tenpyō period (esp. used as a period of art history, 710-794 CE)
Han period (China; 202 BCE-220 CE); Han era
the good old days; halcyon days
to supplant; to supersede; to replace; to take the place of
bubble generation; generation that came of age during the Japanese bubble economy era (born 1965-1970)
parishioner representative
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
administrative subrogation
subrogation; substitution
Spring and Autumn period (of Chinese history; approx. 770-403 BCE); Chunqiu period; Ch'unch'iu period
alternately; by turns; in turn; one after the other
the shogunate period; the days of the shogunate regime
Heisei period (January 8, 1989-April 30, 2019)
electoral system comprised of single-seat constituencies and proportionally represented multiple-seat constituencies
the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period (Chinese history)
the one before last; two generations, etc. previous
acting as a foster parent; caring for another's child; foster parent
to change hands; to be succeeded
proxy punishment (system of punishment under the laws of a country to which a perpetrator has fled)
another helping; second helping; seconds; other paw!
pettifogging lawyer; unscrupulous or unethical lawyer; shyster; casuist; sophist
pension replacement rate; income substitution rate (of the public pension)
ancient rice varieties; wild rice
Fujiwara period (esp. used as a period of art history, approx. 894-1185 CE)
metabolic disorder; metabolic abnormality; dysbolism
taking over (e.g. store or family's headship); subrogation; substitution of one person for another (usu. a creditor)
to replace; to substitute; to switch; to move (something); to transfer
division of history into periods; periodization (in history)
magnificent imperial reign
one after another; continuously; incessantly; in succession; by turns
museum of modern literature
taking turns; relieving the guard
modern music; contemporary music
modern Olympic Games; modern Olympics
taking over (another's debt, work); shouldering someone else's burden; subrogation
honorarium (to cover transportation costs); travel expenses (customarily given by wedding hosts to guests who have travelled from afar)
margin for a seam; seam allowance
generation after generation; (for) generations to come
chargé d'affaires; chargé
feudal period (characterized by the rule of the shogunate, 1185-1867); age of militarist government
modern kana orthography (1946 reform, amended 1986); new kana orthography
The Life of an Amorous Man by Ihara Saikaku (famous novel from the Edo period)
substitute lecturing; substitute lecturer
statutory representative; legal representative
to alternate; to take turns
drink money; drinking money
representative partner; senior partner; senior employee empowered to represent a company
to alternate; to take turns
phases of the age (times)
sensitivity to the times; sense of the times
historical times; historical period
hard to replace (with other person)
the 2000s; the '00s; the aughts; the noughties
periodic fee (esp. for employee travel); commuting expenses
modern disease; disease of our time
substitute article; back-up
alternating; taking turns
performing as a substitute; standing in (for)
special coaching stock awarded to retired grand champion
classical antiquity; Greek and Roman eras
ancient Orient; ancient Near East
fee paid for space (e.g. for a stall)
modern poetry; modern-style poetry
money to see one over the New Year period
agency; (attorney's) authority of representation
jindai moji; forged syllabic characters purported to have been used in ancient Japan
replacing the old with the new; the old giving way to the new
main (switchboard) number; main telephone (phone) number
to be antique-looking; to look old; to be old-fashioned
preparing a rice field for planting by flooding it and tilling the soil
honeymoon period (e.g. between two countries)
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
Rokumeikan era (ca. 1883-1887); period of Westernization in Meiji-era Japan, marked by Western-style balls at the Rokumeikan
for generations; from generation to generation; generation after generation; through the ages
to take over for (someone); to stand in for; to substitute for; to replace; to take the place of (something)
geological age; geological era
alternating; taking turns
modern drama; modern theater
enlightened generation; millennial generation lacking ambition and material desire
advocacy; pleading by proxy; speaking for another; attorney
charge (for admission, a meal, etc.); fee; price
services performed in perpetuity by a Buddhist temple for the repose of a departed soul
characteristics of an age
Archaeozoic (Archeozoic) Era
something worshiped as a symbol for the spirit of the dead
Tanuma period (1767-1786)
Gendai Kokugo Reikai Jiten (Japanese dictionary published by Shogakukan)
Hakuhō period (esp. used as a period of art history, approx. 645-710 CE)
fixed overtime pay; fixed overtime salary
adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer
Keien period (between the end of the Russo-Japanese War and the Taisho Political Crisis, approx. 1905-1912)
curtain separating a central room from the aisles around it (in palatial-style architecture)
Jōgan period (of art history; 859-877 CE)
contemporary dance; modern dance
modern monetary theory; modern money theory; MMT
Yoshino period (Japan's Northern and Southern Courts period, esp. from the viewpoint of the legitimacy of the Southern Court, 1336-1392)
substitute player; substitution
one after another; continuously; incessantly; in succession; by turns
contemporary English; present-day English; current English
representative executive vice-president
lignitized Japanese cedar; lignitised Japanese cedar
fee paid for the services of a geisha or prostitute
overlap width; margin for pasting together (e.g. two pieces of paper); elbowroom; leeway; room
payment (for labour); pay; charge; wages
conference of representatives
modern Japanese (as spoken since the Middle Ages); Japanese spoken during the Meiji period (sometimes including the late Edo period and/or the Taishō period)
historical times; historical period
Collections of the Twenty-One Eras; twenty-one collections of waka compiled by imperial command (early Heian to early Muromachi)
money brought to a funeral; incense money; fee for a geisha's time
one's dark days; the period during which one suffered misfortune and obscurity
(mobile broadband) data cost
Yoshino period (Japan's Northern and Southern Courts period, esp. from the viewpoint of the legitimacy of the Southern Court, 1336-1392)
police custody; police detention; substitute prison
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (of China; 907-979)
fee paid for the services of a geisha or prostitute
antique; historical object; pre-Meiji period drama; period piece
non-substitutable; irreplaceable; unique; non-fungible
Russian false yellow lupine (Thermopsis lupinoides)
tax paid to avoid forced labor (ritsuryō period); tax in kind
meat substitute; meat analogue; cheaper meat used in place of beef or pork
alternately; in turn; one after the other
taking over (e.g. store or family's headship); subrogation; substitution of one person for another (usu. a creditor)
to relieve each other; to take turns (to do)
preparing a rice field for planting by flooding it and tilling the soil
seven generations of (celestial) gods
Sandai Jitsuroku (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
preparing a rice field for planting by flooding it and tilling the soil
basal metabolic rate; BMR
being unsurpassed (unparalleled) at present
general meeting of representatives (in incorporated associations)
lady's pin money; cosmetics expense
Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts)
to squander one's fortunes
generation of young people (esp. of the 1970s) apathetic about social issues
alternately; in turn; one after the other
Higashiyama period (cultural and artistic period of the mid-Muromachi)
representativeness; (level of) representation
alternation of generations; heterogenesis; change of generations; emergence of a new generation
not up with the times; out of touch
era in which university places outnumber university applicants; era of declining enrollment
F1 hybrid; first filial hybrid; first cross
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
expenses for rent of space, land, etc.
Great Interregnum (period of the Holy Roman Empire; approx. 1254-1273)
Rashidun period (period of the Rightly Guided Caliphs; 632-661 CE)
object representative of a divine spirit; object to which a spirit is drawn or summoned; object or animal occupied by a kami
representing others in a conference
decade (of age); -ties (e.g. sixties)
another helping; second helping; seconds; other paw!
Ritsuryō period (mid 7th-10th centuries CE)
new money; nouveau riche; person who has amassed substantial wealth in his lifetime
to be covertly swapped; to be replaced (e.g. with a counterfeit)
assisting town official (Edo period)
Qing dynasty (of China; 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
era during mid-1970s dominated by grand champions Wajima and Kitanoumi
hard to replace (with other person)
advertising agency business
one after another; continuously; incessantly; in succession; by turns
once in an emperor's reign; event that takes place only once in a sovereign's reign
The Chronicles (books of the Bible)
eternity; through all eternity; for evermore; for many generations to come
to relieve each other; to take turns (to do)
Act on Substitute Execution by Administration
substitute actor; stand-in; double
deputy estate steward; deputy jitō
dividing up a fishing catch
Russian false yellow lupine (Thermopsis lupinoides)
Ancient Egyptian (language)
age determination method; dating technique
taking over (e.g. store or family's headship); subrogation; substitution of one person for another (usu. a creditor)
taking over (e.g. store or family's headship); subrogation; substitution of one person for another (usu. a creditor)
payment for another; payment by proxy; paying in kind; paying with a substitute
representative government
to substitute for; to stand in for; to fill in for
to look old-fashioned; to be antique-looking
Museum of Modern Art, Gunma
abstract algebra; modern algebra
commercial agent; commission merchant
modern kana orthography (1946 reform, amended 1986); new kana orthography
Azuchi period (first half of the Azuchi-Momoyama period, 1568-1582)
alternately; by turns; in turn; one after the other
assignment operator; substitution operator
receiving agent services; over the counter payment accepted through convenience stores
substitute fish; using an alternative fish variety instead of a traditional one
age of information; information age
Ōgosho period (between the Kansei Reforms and the Tempo Reforms, approx. 1787-1843)
Shokuhō period (i.e. the Azuchi-Momoyama period, approx. 1568-1600)
Suiko period (i.e. the Asuka period, esp. under the reign of Empress Suiko, approx. 592-628 CE)
Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura
modern and contemporary art
glorious reign of the Emperor
Yamato period (300-550 CE)
enlightened generation; millennial generation lacking ambition and material desire
current era of excessive eating; era in which there is more than enough food; age of plenty; age of plentiful food
basal metabolic rate; BMR
one-time fee for grave land rental
ancestral; hereditary; handed down from generation to generation; for generations; from generation to generation
maritime judicial scrivener; marine procedure commission agent
Museum of Modern Art, Saitama
(Japanese) imperial succession
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
post-Jōmon period (mainly Hokkaido; 3rd to 7th century BCE); epi-Jōmon period
Japan Society for Contemporary Music; JSCM
subrogation; subrogated performance; payment in subrogation
(printing, etc.) plate cost
alternating; taking turns
era during the 1950s dominated by grand champions Tochinishiki and Wakanohana I
Toyoshina Museum of Modern Art
Niigata Prefectural Museum of Modern Art
change for the better; improvement; looking better (than before)
intergenerational; of different generations
to move along with the times
Bunka-Bunsei period (approx. 1804-1830)
goodwill; intangible assets (part of the acquisition price of a business paid for the name and reputation of the company rather than tangible assets)
Fifth Generation Computer System; FGCS
houseleek (any plant species of genus Sempervivum)
binding margin; gutter; seam allowance
generation comprising those who were children during WWII (in Japan); (lit.) burnt ruins generation
(Japanese) imperial succession
generation ship (science fiction); interstellar ark
era during 1960s dominated by grand champions Taiho and Kashiwado
ancient language; ancient word; Old Japanese; Japanese as spoken from the end of the 6th century to the end of the Nara period
Festival of the Ages (held at Heian Jingu Shrine in Kyoto on October 22); Jidai Festival
intergenerational (social) exchange
speaking by proxy; speaking for (someone else); acting as spokesman (for); representing (the views, feelings, etc. of)
the worthy will be remembered; (lit.) humans (last) one generation; names (last) forever
otoshi fee; table charge; cover charge; fee for a compulsory appetizer at an izakaya, etc.
Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties period (China, 220-589 CE)
deciding on behalf of someone; deciding for someone in their stead
generation of young people (esp. of the 1970s) apathetic about social issues
for ever and ever; (through) eternity; countless ages; till the end of time
magazine subscription fee
goodwill; intangible assets (part of the acquisition price of a business paid for the name and reputation of the company rather than tangible assets)
curve-leaf yucca (Yucca recurvifolia)
wickerwork palanquin; wickerwork ox carriage
being unsurpassed (unparalleled) at present
payment by proxy; compensation by proxy; paying on behalf (of); acting for (someone else); carrying out (on someone's behalf)
intangible; incorporeal; unreasonable; preposterous; absurd
to replace; to change (for a new one); to renew; to reassign (an expense); to charge (to a different account); to shift (a loss)
to be handed down from generation to generation
turning point; change; transition; (arch.) point of difference
turning point; change; transition; (arch.) point of difference
spokesperson; speaker (for someone); mouthpiece; voice (e.g. for the ordinary citizen)
to change clothes (on someone else, e.g. child, doll); to change the wallpaper or skin (of a smart phone, etc.)
drink money; drinking money
for generations; from generation to generation; generation after generation; through the ages
alternating; taking turns
fee paid for space (e.g. for a stall)
representative office (e.g. diplomatic)
grand kagura performance at Ise; type of performance including the lion dance and juggling; Camellia japonica 'Daikagura' (cultivar of Japanese camellia)
curtained sleeping platform in shinden-style residences (used by people of high rank)
turn of the month; monthly change; monthly replacement; changing every month
turn of the month; monthly change; monthly replacement; changing every month
margin for a seam; seam allowance
alternative name; alternate name; assumed name of a customer in a brothel (for anonymity); stage name
hard to replace (with other person)
hard to replace (with other person)
honorarium (to cover transportation costs); travel expenses (customarily given by wedding hosts to guests who have travelled from afar)
generation after generation; (for) generations to come
modern kana orthography (1946 reform, amended 1986); new kana orthography
modern kana orthography (1946 reform, amended 1986); new kana orthography
special coaching stock awarded to retired grand champion
to fall out and be replaced; to shed; to moult (molt)
to fall out and be replaced; to shed; to moult (molt)
praying by proxy; applying by proxy
seven generations of (celestial) gods
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
informal family crest; auxiliary crest
silverthorn (species of oleaster, Elaeagnus pungens); thorny elaeagnus; thorny olive
silverthorn (species of oleaster, Elaeagnus pungens); thorny elaeagnus; thorny olive
alt text; fallback text; image description text
native raspberry (Rubus parvifolius)
top part of the head that is shaved from the forehead to the crown (on chonmage hair styling)
to move along with the times
Fifth Generation Computer System; FGCS
Fifth Generation Computer System; FGCS
Fifth Generation Computer System; FGCS
(uk) Hyundai (car company)
head steward (of an estate)
one who offers prayer in place of another
representative government
waiting in place of someone else
car running on substitute fuel
mail-order department; branch store
period of Japanese colonial rule (of Korea; 1910-1945)
Mesolithic; Middle Stone Age
proportional representation electoral system (in which party votes are cast, and candidates from each party are elected based on an ordered list available to the public)
Archaeozoic (Archeozoic) Era
vocational representation system
representative of Gifu and Mie prefectures
highly esteemed emperor's reign
alternation of nuclear phases
next-generation mobile phone
era at the end of 1970s dominated by grand champion Wajima and ozeki Takanohana
era at the turn of 1960s into 70s dominated by grand champions Kitanofuji and Tamanoumi
era during mid-1990s dominated by grand champions Akebono and Takanohana II
era during early 1900s dominated by the grand champions Hitachiyama and Umegatani II
company president, with responsibility to represent the company in its dealings with the outside world
to stop an inside seam rolling about; to press open a seam (and open the left and right sides out)
this world (life) and the next; eternity
proportional representation system in which both party and individual votes are cast, seats are distributed amongst parties by proportion of vote obtained, and candidates are elected in descending order of number of votes obtained
proportional representation system in which votes are cast for a publicly available list of party members or for individual members of that list
radiocarbon dating; carbon-14 dating
ancient times; times of old; time long since passed
protohistory (the period between prehistory and history)
cutting stock (extra material cut off in machining operations as a safety margin for tolerances); machining allowance
Chronicles I (book of the Bible)
Chronicles II (book of the Bible)
pre-Jomon period (i.e. the preceramic period)
Amarna period (of Egyptian history)
Metal Age (i.e. the Bronze Age and the Iron Age)
Kōnin-Jōgan period (of Japanese art history; approx. 794-894 CE)
legal representative; legal guardian
for millennia and millennia; for years and years; forever and ever
seven generations of celestial deities
five generations of earthly deities
algebraically closed field
reflexive pronoun (in Japanese grammar only)
reflexive pronoun (in Japanese grammar only)
alternate track; alternative track
linear algebra; matrix algebra
relative generation number
alternate recipient allowed
alternate recipient assignment
alternate track; alternative track
alternate path; alternative path
alternate path; alternative path
fourth generation language; 4GL
fourth generation language; 4GL
originator requested alternate recipient
defined assignment statement
proxy application company
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
quid pro quo sexual harassment
algebraic variety; locus defined by polynomial equations
period in the sixth and seventh centuries prior to the Taika reform
time to prepare a rice nursery
substitute kanji; jōyō kanji used in place of a non-jōyō kanji
fine monk's robes worn by members of the imperial household, nobility, councilors (councillors), etc.
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
better to ask and be embarrassed than not ask and never know
collateral securities; substitute securities
collateral securities; substitute securities
travel agent; reseller (of tour packages, etc.)
payment in substitutes; accord and satisfaction; substitute performance
relation algebra; relational algebra
compensatory holiday (for working on a day off)
shelf space rent; shelf space fee
to be up-to-date; to be relevant; to respond to the times
(mobile broadband) data cost
substitute kanji; jōyō kanji used in place of a non-jōyō kanji
alternate reality game; ARG
special kana usage rules of the Nara period
special kana usage rules of the Nara period
cursive kanji form used as a syllabary (Heian period); ancient kana
points awarded for scoring combinations
chargé d'affaires ad interim; acting chargé d'affaires
gendaika; modern, non-traditional school of ikebana
thumb tribe; thumb generation; people who are constantly typing on their phones with their thumbs
(game of) tag in which the tagged player becomes "it"
millennials; millennial generation
millennials; millennial generation
older generation; past generation
unauthorized proxy; unauthorized representation
housekeeping (service); domestic help; homemaking
hotel bill; cost of a hotel
carbohydrate metabolism; sugar metabolism; glycometabolism; saccharometabolism
pre-babyboomers (children born between 1943 and 1946 in Japan)
alternative plan; alternate proposal; counterplan; counterproposal
sexual generation (of organisms undergoing heterogenesis); teleomorph (of fungi)
asexual generation (of organisms undergoing heterogenesis); anamorph (of fungi)
active career; one's working life; the years before one retired; playing days
palanquin made of wickerwork
best of one's time; greatest of the age; peerless; unmatched
Generation Alpha; Gen Alpha
Generation Alpha; Gen Alpha
house of representatives; legislative assembly; chamber of deputies
composing charges; composition charges
composing charges; composition charges
Tamagawa Modern Art Museum
International Society for Contemporary Music; ISCM
Museum of Modern Art, Shiga
Akita Museum of Modern Art
Chiyoda Fire and Marine Insurance Company, Limited
The University of the Third Age (U3A)
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; IMPCAS
Japan Association for Modern China Studies
Japanese Society for Complementary and Alternative Medicine; JCAM
Museum of Modern Art, Toyama
Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art
Museum of Modern Art, Wakayama
Paranoia Agent (2004 anime series)
taccad (any plant of family Taccaceae)
taccad (any plant of family Taccaceae)
Ophidion asiro (species of cusk eel)