Imperial era; system of counting years from the start of Emperor Jinmu's reign in 660 BC
Gangyō era (877.4.16-885.2.21); Genkei era
prototype; model; pattern; archetypal
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
interest; entertainment; pleasure; implicit comparison (style of the Shi Jing)
although; though; despite the fact that ...
average; medium; mid-grade (item); regular grade; same level as; equal to
two reams (of paper); 1000 sheets (of paper); stanza; verse; tribe (in taxonomy); forecast (bet); bet which predicts the top 2 finishers (i.e. quinella or perfecta bet)
just then; at that time; right then; appropriate moment
Mutsu (former province located in present-day Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate, and Aomori prefectures)
people; citizens; subjects; folk
north-east; Tōhoku (northernmost six prefectures of Honshu); Tohoku
original text with its translation printed side by side or on opposite page
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
merit; success; meritorious deed; achievement; accumulated experience
that year; same year; same age
subordinate; secondary; junior; incidental
fifth court rank; black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax); night heron; five ranks; five stages
to grant; to give; to confer; to teach; to instruct; to impart (knowledge)
off the top of one's head; from thin air; from memory
therefore; and so; for that reason; accordingly; consequently; hence
the same; the said; likewise
intimacy; affection; familiarity
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
frank; candid; straightforward; openhearted; direct; outspoken
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
school rules; school regulations
single word; a few words; brief comment
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
poverty-stricken; destitute; poor; penurious
bribe; money under the table
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
(confronting a problem, etc.) head-on; directly; outright; (lit.) from the front
in terms of; from the point of view of