foot of a mountain; base of a mountain
prosperity; bustle; activity; crowd; turnout
low wooden clogs; komageta
common cattail (Typha latifolia); broadleaf cattail; common bulrush; great reedmace
going (up) to the capital; going to Tokyo
best; supreme; wonderful; highest; maximum; most
least; lowest; worst; awful; horrible; at the very least
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryō system)
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
palace examination (national Chinese civil servant examination based largely on classic literature); someone who has passed this examination; examination for promotion in the Ministry of Ceremonies (based largely on political duties and Chinese classics); someone who has passed this examination
to sit for an examination
barrier; checkpoint; gateway; hurdle; obstacle; trial
box carried on one's back to store books; wooden box carried on one's back to store items for a pilgrimage
elegy; dirge; mournful melody
last years; closing years; last days; closing days; end; last stage
success in life; getting ahead; successful career; promotion; climbing the corporate ladder; eminence
doctrine; rule; principle; -ism
state of society; social conditions; order of the world
(not) necessarily; (not) entirely; (not) altogether
rich person; wealthy person
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
money-worship; mammon-worship
national fortunes; destiny of a country
miserable; pitiful; tragic; painstaking
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
(living) from hand to mouth; living on the fringe of subsistence
to stake; to risk; to bet; to wager
owner; proprietor; possessor (e.g. of talent, beauty, etc.)
of course; certainly; naturally
in general; on the whole; for the most part; by and large; almost all
uniform; equal; even; common; ordinary; usual
impoverished student; poor student
student; student who performs housework in exchange for meals and lodging; houseboy (attending school or university)
integrity; fidelity; constancy; principle; faithfulness; honor
frivolous; flippant; superficial; flattery; (insincere) compliments
scruffy; unconcerned about one's personal appearance; rough and uncouth vigor (vigour)
city dweller; townspeople
pleasure; delight; enjoyment; rapid (train)