to present; to submit; to tender; to hold out
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
salt; common salt; hardship; toil; saltiness; cold
piece; fragment; one (object)
persimmons mellowed in a sake cask
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to dabble in; to have a smattering of
Sanjusangen-do (hall in Kyoto)
parting; separation; farewell
to compete; to contend; to vie; to contest
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
inferior; base; vulgar; low grade; lower class
shall ...; to assume; to suppose
to demean; to despise; to treat with contempt; to abase
to change; to alter; to mistake; to make a mistake; to fail to keep (e.g. one's promise); to sprain (a muscle)
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
going backward; turning back; backtracking; retrogression; relapse; returning to a bad state
to explain; to advocate; to preach; to persuade
thirst for knowledge; intellectual thirst
surname; family name; hereditary title (used in ancient Japan to denote rank and political standing)
a long time ago; in those days
quotient; dealing; dealer; second degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); Shang dynasty (China, approx. 1600-1046 BCE); Yin dynasty
to run (a business); to operate; to carry out; to perform; to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
Kyushu region (sometimes incl. the Nansei Islands)
contract; compact; agreement
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
proceeding to the capital (Tokyo)
stronghold; citadel; headquarters
to set up (a house, store, etc.); to build; to have at the ready (e.g. a gun); to hold in preparation (e.g. a camera); to adopt a posture; to assume a stance; to put on an air
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
antecedents; ancestor; previous position; previous existence; predecessor organization; predecessor organisation
business conditions; the market; good (economic) times; prosperity; liveliness; energy
to rot; to go bad; to corrode; to weather; to become useless; to blunt; to become depraved
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
third son; Occella iburia (species of poacher)
scale (of fish, snake, etc.); serif (on kana or kanji (e.g. in Mincho font))