to be superior (to); to surpass; to outdo
to declare; to assert; to say bluntly; to say straight out
to be knotty (of a tree, etc.); to be gnarled; to be rough and bony (hands, fingers, etc.); to be gnarled; to be knobby
cold; chill; cold weather; cold wave; cold air
to soak (into); to permeate; to sting (of a wound, sensitive area, etc.); to smart; to be infected (e.g. with vice); to be steeped (e.g. with prejudice)
youth; child (esp. of the young son of someone of high social standing); young; new
newly forged sword; newly forged katana; shintō; new sword; katana forged after the advent of the Keichō era
to try (out); to have a try (at); to test; to put to the test
degree (angle, temperature, scale, etc.); counter for occurrences; strength (of glasses); glasses prescription; alcohol content (percentage); alcohol by volume; extent
8th day of the month; eight days
to ask a question; to begin to ask a question
suppressed laugh; smile; giggle; chuckle
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
one turn; spinning around; complete change; reversal; (an) about-face
particular; hard to please; fussy
wisdom; wit; sagacity; prajna (insight leading to enlightenment)
(not) by any means; (not) for anything; wouldn't do for anything; had enough; flatly refusing
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
round coin with a (square) hole in the center; coin made of non-precious materials; money
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
to punish; to penalize; to penalise
grave; solemn; stern; authoritative; hard (e.g. fact)
Wu and Yue (two rival states in ancient China)
to rule; to govern; to reign over; to subdue; to suppress; to quell
independence; self-reliance
certainty; reality; regular; permanent; samadhi (state of intense concentration achieved through meditation)
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
deity; god; Amaterasu (as an enshrined deity)
theory; reason; logic; (unreasonable) argument; strained logic; excuse
reaching; attaining; arrival
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
to carry in one's hand; to carry with one; to have on one's person; to take along (someone); to take (someone) with one; to be accompanied by
wild flower; paper flowers (esp. as decoration at a funeral)
chirping bird; singing bird
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
state of mind; mental state; mental attitude
reminiscence; nostalgia; thinking fondly of the past; recalling the old days
key; mode (in gagaku); time; tempo; meter (of a poem); metre; style